Education System
This term refers to discriminatory disciplinary practices in schools that disproportionately funnel minority students or students with disabilities into the criminal legal system.
School-to-Prison Pipeline
Failure by a caregiver to take those actions necessary to provide a child with minimally adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, supervision, emotional stability and growth, or other essential care, including malnutrition or failure to thrive; provided, however, that such inability is not due solely to inadequate economic resources or solely to the existence of a handicapping condition.
Neglect
This term replaces “guilty” and reflects the court’s rehabilitative focus rather than punishment.
Adjudicated delinquent
A student-founded, student-led organization that seeks to influence public education in Kentucky through a combination of research, advocacy, and journalistic storytelling.
Kentucky Student Voice Team
An intensive and immersive educational program for second- and third-year students wishing to gain deep expertise in youth advocacy. The goal of the program is to prepare law students for careers as leaders and change-makers in system transformation efforts on behalf of young people.
Youth Advocacy & Policy Lab Fellowship (Y-Lab)
A federal statute that ensures students with a disability are provided with free appropriate public education that is tailored to their individual needs.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The permanent legal severance of the parent–child relationship is known as this.
Termination of Parental Rights
These alternatives to formal court processing redirect youth away from the legal system by focusing on rehabilitation through counseling, community service, or education, helping prevent future delinquency and a permanent criminal record.
Juvenile Diversion Programs
Lawyers from this legal organization argued Brown v. Board of Education before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954.
NAACP Legal Defense Fund
This HLS course explores various strategies for systemic law and policy reform, focusing on legal systems that impact children. The emphasis is on analyzing different approaches to system change, inside and outside of the courtroom, with the goal of informing students’ future advocacy efforts.
Art of Social Change
A document created pursuant to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act detailing the specific special-educational services a disabled child receives.
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
An administrative appeal where individuals can challenge specific decisions made by the Department of Children and Families (DCF) before an impartial hearing officer, allowing them to present evidence and witnesses to dispute DCF actions.
Fair Hearing
Proposed by Professor Kristin N. Henning, this standard calls on courts to modify the traditional reasonable person standard in Fourth Amendment cases to help address racial disparities affecting youth.
Reasonable Black Child Standard
This organization, founded by Bryan Stevenson, challenges the abusive treatment of children by advocating for clients in parole hearings, providing re-entry services designed for people incarcerated as children, and educating policymakers, decision makers, and the public about the treatment of children in the justice system.
Equal Justice Initiative (EJI)
This HLS clinic enables students to engage in special education and systemic change advocacy to advance the school success of children who have endured highly adverse childhood experiences.
The Education Law Clinic: Individual Representation
Under the Fourth Amendment, for a search of a child at a public school to be legally valid, school officials generally need to have _______ that the search will uncover evidence that the student has violated or is violating a law or school rule. This standard is lower than the probable cause standard required for searches by law enforcement outside the school context.
Reasonable Suspicion
DAILY DOUBLE: Parents have a fundamental liberty interest in the care and custody of their children under this constitutional amendment.
The Fourteenth Amendment
This landmark Supreme Court case established that under the Due Process Clause, a court may not commit a juvenile to a juvenile facility without notice of the charges, access to counsel, the right to confrontation and cross-examination, and appellate review.
In re Gault
A nonprofit public interest law firm that provides strategic, campaign-based legal services to youth to secure their legal rights to a safe climate. This organization works to protect the Earth’s climate system for present and future generations by representing young people to secure their binding and enforceable legal rights to a healthy atmosphere and stable climate.
Our Children’s Trust
Students in this HLS clinic participate in Y-Lab’s Students Speak initiative, which works to foster a movement for youth voice and power in educational decision-making in Massachusetts.
Education Law Clinic: Movement Lawyering
A federal statute that mandates schools receiving federal funds comply with certain privacy requirements. This law protects the privacy of student education records.
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
This 1997 federal law set timelines for the termination of parental rights.
The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA)
This Supreme Court prohibited the execution of juvenile defendants under the age of 18.
Roper v. Simmons
The first nonprofit, public interest law firm for children in the country.
Juvenile Law Center
Y-Lab was born out of which two long-standing programs at Harvard Law School?
The Child Advocacy Program (CAP) and the Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative (TLPI)