Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular
Double Jeopardy
Renal
Respiratory
100
What are the three functions of blood?
Transportation, regulation, and protection
100
What clinical condition describes an abnormally high red blood cell count?
Polycythemia
100
Which mineralocorticoid is secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates the renal reabsorption of sodium and the secretion of potassium in the nephron?
Aldosterone
100
What would lead to the highest rate of ADH secretion: drinking a hyperosmotic solution, drinking a hyposmotic solution, drinking an isosmotic solution?
Drinking a hyperosmotic solution
100
What type of cells function to lower the surface tension within the alveolar membranes?
Type II alveolar cells
200
What are two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
200
Which law of the heart describes the relationship between the end-diastolic volume and the strength of ventricular contraction
The Frank-Starling law
200
Glomerular filtration rate can be estimated by determining the clearance rates of which fructose polymer?
Inulin
200
An increase secretion of renin would be expected to have what effect on sodium excretion (increase or decrease) and potassium excretion (increase or decrease) in urine?
Decrease in sodium excretion and increase potassium excretion
200
The vital capacity is reduced below normal in what kind of disease?
Restrictive pulmonary disease
300
What blood disease includes symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, abdominal pain, and pigment gallstones?
Sickle cell disease
300
Vasodilation (increases or decreases) blood flow by decreasing resistance Vasoconstriction (increases or decreases) blood flow by increasing resistance
Vasodilation increases blood flow by decreasing resistance and vasoconstriction decreases blood flow by increasing resistance
300
Which hormone will stimulate salt excretion by the nephron and is released from the atria in response to increased blood volume that produces increased atrial stretch
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
300
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
Carbonic anhydrase
300
Which site of the brain contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers? Which site of the brain contains the rhythmicity center?
The pons contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers. The medulla oblongata contains the rhythmicity center.
400
Name the condition in the heart, where a valve fails to open completely (causing an abnormal narrowing) because it was damaged
Stenosis
400
Poiseuille's law includes what three factors that change the resistance of blood vessels?
Poiseuille's law includes factors such as blood vessel length, blood viscosity, and the radius of the blood vessel
400
The secretion of renin from the kidneys, followed by the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, and later, to angiotensin II would ultimately cause the blood pressure to increase or decrease?
Increase
400
Name the region within the nephron where it's osmolarity is lowest
The thick ascending segment of the loop of Henle
400
Peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to changes in arterial blood composition include which two bodies?
Carotid and aortic bodies
500
If the ejection fraction increases, there will be an (increase or decrease) in end-systolic volume?
Decrease
500
A drug that increases the heart's contraction strength, or contractility is said to have what kind of effect?
Positive inotropic effect
500
The depolarization of the atria produces which wave in an ECG? The repolarization of the ventricles produces which wave in an ECG?
The P wave is produced when the atria depolarize, and the T wave is produced when the ventricles repolarize
500
Stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would be cause all of the following to increase EXCEPT: ADH release from the posterior pituitary, water reabsorption from the renal collecting duct, rate of urine formation, osmolality of the urine
Urine formation would NOT be expected to increase
500
Air leaves the lungs during expiration because the atmospheric pressure is (greater than, equal to, or lesser than) the intrapulmonary, or alveolar pressure.
Pressure in the atmosphere is lesser than the intrapulmonary pressure during expiration
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