Terms &
Definitions
Basic Concepts
Related to
Incidence of LD
Curriculum &
Instruction
Social &
Emotional
Development
Cognitive Functions
Of LD
100
The term used by the medical community to describe or classify central nervous system dysfunction. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What is ADHD?
100
According to the DSM-IV, these are the two criteria for identifying ADHD. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What are inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity?
100
Interventions for students with ADHD should focus on academics as well as this other area of development. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What is Social-Emotional Development?
100
Problems with these relationships at an early age are strong predictors of difficulties later in life. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What are peer relationships?
100
Students with LDs often struggle with being unable to screen out extraneous stimuli and are attracted by irrelevant stimuli. These problems describe this cognitive function. ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of cognitive functions as they pertain to learning disabilities
What is attention?
200
ADHD is identified under this category in IDEA ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What is other health impairments
200
From the medical perspective, ADHD is caused by a deficiency in the production of this neurotransmitter. ETS Objective: Demonstrate a knowledge of basic concepts related to the incidence of learning disabilities
What is Dopamine?
200
These are three academic intervention strategies for ADHD students. ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of ways in which particular types of deficits can affect learning and academic skills
What are content enhancements, peer tutoring, and computer assisted instructions?
200
Social status of students with LDs can be a reliable predictor of these three future social implications. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What are maladjustment, criminality, and school dropout?
200
Problems with these skills are often characterized by the inability to keep up with assignments and materials. ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of cognitive functions as they pertain to learning disabilities
What are problems with organizational skills?
300
IDEA 2004 requires a positive behavior support plan based on this kind of assessment. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What is a functional behavior assessment?
300
The prevalence of ADHD is said to be the highest among students with _______ ________. ETS Objective: Demonstrate a knowledge of basic concepts related to the incidence of learning disabilities
What are Learning Disabilities?
300
These techniques enable the teacher to target the critical content and help students identify, organize, comprehend, and retain the information. ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of ways in which particular types of deficits can affect learning and academic skills
What are content enhancement routines?
300
Information processing difficulties, immaturity, inattentiveness, hyperactivity, poor self-esteem, difficulty expressing feelings, and reactions to failure experiences are all factors which may impede the development of this. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What are social relationships?
300
Problems with this form of processing often requires teachers to give repeated directions to students with LD. ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of cognitive functions as they pertain to learning disabilities
What is information processing?
400
Under IDEA, this term is used to describe the laws regarding removing a disabled child from the classroom because of behavior. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What is manifestation determination?
400
The most prominent hypotheses concerning the causal relationship between learning disabilities and social & emotional behavior problems is broken up into primary cause, secondary cause, and social learning theory. According to this theory, the secondary cause position views social and emotional behavior problems as being “side effects,” or secondary to these other problems. ETS Objective: Demonstrate a knowledge of basic concepts related to the incidence of learning disabilities
What are academic problems?
400
This form targets a specified behavior that is measured daily by the classroom teacher, and is shared with someone other than the rater. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What is a daily behavior report card?
400
These are the four domains of adaptive behavior. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What is social coping, relationships, practical language, and production?
400
Difficulties with this, may hinder LD student’s ability to retain information over extended academic breaks ( such as summer vacation). ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of cognitive functions as they pertain to learning disabilities
What is memory?
500
The Interagency Committee of Learning Disabilities maintains that social and emotional behavior problems are caused by these factors. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What are Organic Factors?
500
In looking at the influence of learning disabilities throughout an individual’s life-span, these areas of emotional development (according to the text book) could be affected. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What are self-concept, motivation, anxiety, loneliness, depression, and temperament?
500
Unlike a daily behavior report, which is filled out by the instructor, this report uses the student’s ability to critique the appropriateness of their own behaviors. ETS Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of definitions/terminology related to learning disabilities
What are self report instruments?
500
This theory allows for a functional approach to understanding and treating social skills deficits. ETS Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of ways in which learning disabilities can affect social/emotional development
What is the social learning theory?
500
These are the seven areas that may be affected by LDs as they pertain to cognitive functions. ETS Objective: Demonstrate understanding of cognitive functions as they pertain to learning disabilities
What are attention, memory, intelligence, perception, organization skills, information processing, and executive functioning & metacognition?
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