Gray's Anatomy
Age Before Beauty
Tighty Whities
Matter Matters
What does it Matter?
100
Althena et. al found a decrease in ______ gray matter volume in people with insomnia. This explains why insomniacs did not do too well on the second test, responding to the difference between a 'p' and a 'd'. This particular test involves decision making, which is somewhat delayed when one is deprived of sleep.
What is frontal lobe (Orbitofrontal)
100
Jernigan et. al "Effects of age on tissues and regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum" found that this region of gray matter of had the greater %loss throughout adulthood?
What is Hippocampus Subjects aged 30 and 90 volume loss averages 14% in the cerebral cortex, 35% in the hippocampus, and 26% in the cerebral white matter
100
These may be hard to diagnose without specialized equipment because concussions often take place deep inside the white matter of the brain
What are Concussions
100
According to Ge et al. Young subject's % _____ decreased in quadratic fashion at 40 years old
What is White Matter Even though total gray matter does decrease from childhood highs % of WM increased slightly unitl the age of 40 before it's fast decline
100
Taxi Drivers have been found to have significantly larger ____ volumes than non taxi drivers
What is Hippocampal
200
The ____ gyrus is a strip of gray matter and part of the hippocampal formation known to give birth to new neurons (aka. Neurogenesis) Hint- Remember the Enriched Environment rat study?
What is the Dentate Gyrus
200
Steingard et al. (Biological Psychology 2002)found a decrease in both _____ lobe gray and white matter in depressed adolescence compared with healthy comparison subjects
What is Frontal Lobe
200
DTI short for this, is a more recent method of assessing axonal integrity in vivo
What is diffusion tensor imaging
200
Bezzola et. al (Journal Neuroscience 2011) In the present longitudinal MRI study golf novices (ages 40-60) who practiced golf 40 hours a week had associated increases in ____ matter in the parieto-occipital junction
What is the Gray Matter
200
According to Bigler et al. (AJNR 2002) a study of 118 TBI patients compared to normal subjects, trauma produced white matter loss, increased CSF Volume in the Temporal Horn and significant atrophy in this area of the brain
What is Hippocampus
300
Verstynen et al (Journal of Aging Research) revealed that this nucleus's volume was a significant mediator of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and task switching performance. Hint: It is a nucleus located within the basil ganglia's corpus striatum (and it's not the putamen or the globus pallidus)
What is Caudate Nucleus
300
According to Gunning-Dixon (Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010) MRI on the ______ white matter is most susceptible to the influence of age. This may contribute to a decline in episodic memory, executive functions and information processing speed.
What is Prefrontal
300
In a study comparing soccer players and swimmers and white matter, axonal diffusion (damage) was more significant in soccer players in this largest white matter structure of the brain when compared with swimmers
What is Corpus Collosum
300
Solowij analyzed the participants using magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) and discovered that the healthy individuals who used this “drug” had a 23.9% reduction in white brain matter compared to those who did not. Additionally, users who also had schizophrenia had 29.7% less white brain matter than those who did not use
What is Cannabis Users
300
Ger et. al(Journal of Neuroscience 1999) when comparing Gray and White matter of young healthy adults found that Females have a greater % of _____matter, and complementary Males have a globally greater % of ______ matter and percentage of CSF
What is Female= Gray Matter and What is Male= White Matter
400
According to Ward et. al (Front Aging Neurosci.) Low HDL Cholesterol is Associated with ____ Gray Matter Volume in Cognitively Healthy Adults
What is "decreased" Gray Matter Volume
400
Burns et. al (Neurology 2008) Increased cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced brain atrophy in persons with ______ ______
What is Alzheimer's Disease
400
According published study in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with a lower prevalence of this condition
What is Dementia/Alzheimers
400
MRI research has found that these groups: Physically Fit Children, Taxi Drivers, Meditation groups and Older Adults in Exercise Groups have significant increases in what?
What is Hippocampal Volume
400
Prakash et. al (Brain Research 2009) found that higher fit Patients with this condition as measured by VO2 max was associated with less damaged brain tissue in both Gray Matter Volume and White matter integrity
What is Multiple Sclerosis
500
Erickson et al. In a longitudinal study of healthy subjects in Late adulthood comparing MRIs and physical activity (walking amounts ranged from 0 to 300 blocks), Greater Physical Activity predicted greater volumes of _____, _____, and _____ regions 9 years later
What is Frontal, Occipital and Hippocampal(Temporal)
500
A study by Boyke et. al (Journal of Neuroscience 2008) focusing on healthy senior citizens observed that elderly volunteers who learned to juggle showed transient increases in gray matter in the________
Hippocampus
500
Tangney et. al (Neurology 2011) examined Methylmalonate deficiency, a marker of a deficiency in this vitamin to be associated with reduced total brain volume
What is Vitamin B12
500
Patients with Schizophrenia have found CET cognitive enhancement therapy (computer-based) have found slight improvements in the integrity of _____ matter
What is White Matter
500
Ruvio et. al (Neurobiological of Aging 2010) Comparing healthy active participants at midlife to late-life active adults and sedentary persons, Persons who actively participated in physical activity at midlife tended to have larger _____ matter volume as compared to no significant differences in the _____ Matter volume.
What is larger Grey volume and no significant difference in White Matter volume
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