Measurement
Scales
Research Methods
Reliability
Validity
100
Systemic process of assigning a number to “something”, in other words, the process of linking abstract concepts to empirical indicants
What is Measurement?
100
3 most common types of responses choices in this type of scale are Agreement, Evaluation, Frequency
What is Likert scale?
100
The extent to which we are measuring some attribute in a consistent (consistency) and repeatable (stability) way.
What is reliability?
100
The consistency of information across stimuli presumed to measure the same thing, in other words, whether individual items are consistent with one another.
What is Internal consistency?
100
Degree to which results can be broadened to other groups
What is external validity?
200
Careful definition of the attribute or construct to be measured, development of a large pool of items logically related to the attribute of interest, administration of the items to a large sample of subjects, and refinement of the original item pool through item analyses and expert judgment
What is test construction?
200
This scale provides only name or information.
What is a nominal scale?
200
Repeated measures design (2 or more waves of measurement)
What is longitudinal design?
200
Estimates the internal consistency by correlating the first half of items with the second half
What is Split-half reliability?
200
Regression to the mean History effects Maturation effects Testing effects Instrumentation effects
What is threats to validity?
300
The middle number on a list that is ordered largest to smallest.
What is median?
300
This type of scale provides order and ranking information.
What is Ordinal Scale?
300
Each person has a true score that would be obtained IF there were no errors in measurement, therefore the task is to find the magnitude of the error (measurement error) and develop ways to minimize it.
What is Test Score Theory? X (observed score) = T (true score) + E (error)
300
Refers to consistency of measurement over time and can be obtained by administering the same test on two occasions and then find the correlation between scores from the two administrations
What is Test-Retest Reliability (stability)?
300
the "cause" precedes the "effect" in time, the "cause" and the "effect" are related, and there are no plausible alternative explanations for the observed covariation
What are requirements for internal validity?
400
The most frequently occurring number
What is mode?
400
This type of scale provides distance information.
What is Interval Scale?
400
Empirical tests to establish verifiable facts
What is Scientific method?
400
Correlation 1.00 means perfect correlation. Correlation above this is considered acceptable level of stability for 1-2 week interval.
What is .80?
400
Also known as practice effects or carry-over effects result in increased post-test performance because participants have become familiar with some aspect of the experiment from the pre-test.
What is testing effects?
500
58
What is 40+18?
500
This type of scale provides absolute amount information
What is Ratio Scale?
500
The process defines fuzzy concepts and allows them to be measured, empirically and quantitatively.
What is operationalized variables?
500
Increase the number of items or throw out items that run down the reliability.
What to do about low reliability ?
500
Is the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on a second measurement
What is regression to the mean?
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