Behave
Growth and development
General
Toxicology
STAT
100
A 12-year-old girl presents for evaluation of behavioral concerns. Her parents report that she was the product of a term, uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery and that her early development was within normal limits. When she was around 2 years of age, they noticed that she stopped learning new words and new tasks. Her development slowed, and ultimately she began to lose milestones. Today she is sitting on a chair, wringing her hands and rocking back and forth. She does not speak and is only able to walk with assistance. You correctly suspect which of the following disorders?
What is Rett’s syndrome. It is a degenerative neurologic disorder that occurs only in females. It is characterized by normal or near-normal development for the first 6-18 months of life followed by a period of significantly slowed development and, ultimately, regression with loss of milestones. Girls with this disorder typically exhibit stereotypic behaviors such as hand wringing, hand washing, or hand biting. About half of affected patients lose the ability to walk over time.
100
At what age can a child use a cup?
What is 15-18 months
100
At what age the AAP and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommend that children begin seeing a dentist?
What is 12 months. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recommend that children be seen by a dentist within 6 months of eruption of the first tooth or 12 months of age, whichever comes first.
100
The earliest symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning
What is Headache. Due to the brain's high metabolic rate and sensitivity to tissue hypoxia, most of the early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are neurological, with headache being the most common early symptom. Neurological symptoms may be acute or delayed in onset up to several weeks; they may be accompanied by pathological changes including focal demyelination, edema and ischemic necrosis of brain tissue. Hypodense lesions on CT scan, particularly of the hippocampus and globus pallidus are characteristic. Permanent neurological or psychiatric deficits are common, especially memory deficit and personality change.
100
An 18-month-old male is brought to the Emergency Department after a 2-minute tonic-clonic episode. He has no past history of seizures. On arrival, his temperature is 102° F, and both of his tympanic membranes are red and bulging. After ibuprofen, his temperature drops to 99° F, and he is noted to be playing in the room. The next recommended step in the evaluation of this child is ...
What is NONE. Evaluation after febrile seizure is based on the child’s age and his or her status after the fever drops. A full septic workup (blood, urine, CSF cultures) is recommended for any child who does not return to baseline mental status with reduction of fever. There is no indication for head CT or EEG.
200
Classic colic is seen at what age range?
What is 2 weeks to 4 months Colic is an intensely irritating problem for parents; the pathophysiology of this disorder is poorly understood, and effective pharmacotherapy is lacking. Therapy includes picking the child up, carrying the infant, rocking the infant, removing milk products from the diet of breast-feeding mothers, and administering small doses of antacids or antiflatulence agents
200
How rapidly does the head grow in the 1st year of life?
What is 1cm/month, with the most rapid growth occurring in the 1st 6 months. The head stop growing at 4 yrs of age.
200
A child has not been vaccinated, what is the cut-off age for receiving Hib?
What is 5 years, because they are at much lower risk for serious sequelae and have likely had natural infection by this age. Hib is approved for >5y/o kids if they have functional/anatomical asplenia.
200
After how many hours of ingestion acetaminophen level should be checked
What is 4 hours
200
In an otherwise well-appearing, afebrile infant or child under 3-4 years old, acute onset of dysphagia, drooling or refusal to feed should most suggest __.
What is Foreign body ingestion.
300
Early toilet training (before 2 years of age) should be avoided because it is associated with what condition?
What is encopresis and stool retention
300
Energy requirements during growth change dramatically in the first few years of life. How many calories per day are necessary in early infancy for growth?
What is 100-120 kcal/kg/day
300
When does birth length double by? and triple by
What is 4 years and 13 years
300
Stages of Iron toxicity
What is *Stage 1 (within 6 hours after the overdose), symptoms include vomiting, vomiting blood, diarrhea, abdominal pain, irritability, and drowsiness. *Stage 2: Stability (6 to 48 hours after the overdose), the person's condition can appear to improve. *Stage 3: Systemic toxicity (12 to 48 hours after the overdose), very low blood pressure (shock), fever, bleeding, jaundice, liver failure, and seizures can develop. * Stage 4 (2 to 5 days after the overdose), the liver failure * Stage 5 (2-5 weeks after overdose): GI scarring and blockage.
300
The great majority of swallowed foreign bodies that do not become lodged or impacted will traverse the GI tract in what period of time?
What is 4-6 days. Most objects that pass through the esophagus and into the stomach will make it through the rest of the intestinal tract in 4-6 days or less, although some objects may take much longer.
400
A 7-year-old boy has been reacting increasingly aggressive toward changes in his daily routine and environment. Behavioral and environmental interventions are in place and have been maximized, but the patient's aggressive behaviors significantly interfere with his functioning. Drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of aggression in children with autism spectrum disorders are ....
What is Risperidone and/or aripiprazole. Both are approved by the FDA for the treatment of aggression and irritability in children with autism spectrum disorders.
400
A reflex is elicited by a sudden loud noise
What is startle reflex
400
What are the subcutaneously administered vaccines?
What is MMR, Varicella, MMRV, IPV
400
Ingestion of which substance produces: Visual complaints, Abdominal pain, metabolic acidosis
What is Methanol. Blurry vision and photophobia "described as snowstorm", abdominal discomfort and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. NB: Ethylene glycol results in renal failure instead of visiual problems
400
It is acceptable to use cuffed endotracheal tubes starting at ---
What is Newborn period. Beyond the newborn period, cuffed endotracheal tubes are as safe as uncuffed endotracheal tubes.
500
In children, what disorder is characterized by persistent irritability and an obvious loss of interest in usual activities?
What is Major depressive disorder.. Children with major depression may not be able to articulate feelings of sadness or depression. Instead, the families may report irritability as a significant concern. Children may also present with a significant weight change -- either gain or loss -- with an episode of major depression.
500
2 weeks old male infant with right undescended testis, spontaneous descent rarely occur after ....
What is 4-6 months of age
500
What is the cut-off steroid dose for administering live virus vaccines?
What is <2mg/kg/day or < 20mg/day for those >10 kg
500
An antihypertensive agent that can mimic opiate toxicity in overdose
What is Clonidine. Clonidine toxicity in children has been reported not only from ingestion of pills, but from chewing on discarded skin patches. It can be toxic in low doses to children so Pediatricians should educate families and be aware of its actions. Clonidine toxicity can cause depression of vital signs, depressed consciousness, and pinpoint pupils.
500
A child presents after head injury found to have bleeding from the external auditory canal, otorrhea, hearing loss and facial paralysis.
What is Temporal bone fractur
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