Encomienda
What did the encomienda system make Natives do?
ANSWER: Work for Spanish colonists.
Why were Africans brought to the Americas?
ANSWER: Natives were dying.
What was the caste system based on?
ANSWER: Race.
What metal made Spain rich?
ANSWER: Silver.
Spanish conquerors were called what?
ANSWER: Conquistadors.
What two jobs did Natives mostly do?
ANSWER: Farming and mining.
What crop needed the most African labor?
ANSWER: Sugar.
Which of the following people would be in the highest position in the Spanish colonial casta system?
A. A mestizo, an individual of mixed Spanish and Native American descent.
B. A criollo, an individual of Spanish descent born in the Americas.
C. A peninsular, an individual born in Spain.
D. A Native American laborer, working under the encomienda system.
ANSWER: C
What is it called when colonies support the 'mother country'?
ANSWER: Mercantilism.
Who fought for better treatment of Natives?
ANSWER: Bartolomé de Las Casas.
Why did the encomienda system weaken?
ANSWER: Too many Natives died from disease.
"The Spanish, with their horses and weapons, attacked and hurt the native people. They forced them into hard labor in the mines and fields. Because of this, many native people suffered and died."
—Based on a writing by Bartolomé de las Casas, 1552
The actions described by Bartolomé de las Casas were part of the Spanish effort to?
A) find gold and silver in the Americas.
B) build better relationships with the Native Americans.
C) create a more equal society in their colonies.
D) explore the Pacific coastline of North America.
ANSWER: A
What were Spaniards born in the Americas called?
ANSWER: Creoles.
What were ships that carried treasure to Spain called?
ANSWER: Treasure fleets.
The mixing of Spanish, Native, and African people was called what?
ANSWER: Mestizaje.
Who tried to protect Natives?
ANSWER: Bartolomé de Las Casas.
What made Africans useful to colonists?
ANSWER: Farming skills and resistance to disease.
Who were mestizos?
ANSWER: Mixed Spanish and Native.
What was Native labor in Peru’s silver mines called?
ANSWER: The mita system.
Who ruled Spain during early colonization?
ANSWER: Ferdinand and Isabella.
"with the king of Spain giving grants of land and natives to individual Spaniards. These Indians had to farm or work in the mines. The fruits of their labors went to their Spanish masters, who in tum had to "care" for them. As Europeans' diseases and brutality reduced the native population, the Spanish brought enslaved people from West Africa under the asiento system."
Why did the Spanish begin to import Slaves?
ANSWER: They began importing slaves because their original slaves (the natives) were dying of diseases and brutality.
What was the name of this trade?
ANSWER: Atlantic Slave Trade.
" The Spanish gave grants of land to some Spanish people in the new colonies. These landowners were also given control over the Native American people on that land, forcing them to work in mines and on farms. This caused many Native Americans to suffer and die."
-Adapted from historical analysis of the Spanish colonial system.
What was the main effect of this system on Native Americans?
A) It led to more Spanish people mixing with Native American cultures.
B) It caused many Native Americans to die from harsh work and abuse.
C) It encouraged Native Americans to move to the cities.
D) It helped Native Americans become leaders in the new government.
ANSWER: B
"For our part, we believe that the principal motive and end which moved the Spanish to seek and invade these newly discovered lands was nothing else than the accumulation of gold and the amassing of wealth in a very brief space of time."
-Adapted from Bartolomé de las Casas, 1561.
The motivation for Spanish colonization described in the excerpt most directly led to which of the following economic outcomes?
A) The creation of a diverse economy based on manufacturing and artisan crafts.
B) A decline in Spanish naval power due to the heavy costs of colonial expansion.
C) The widespread use of coerced labor to extract wealth from colonial possessions.
D) The establishment of mutually beneficial trade relationships with Native American societies.
ANSWER: C
What word means forced labor?
ANSWER: Slavery.