Shigella
This organism needs as few as 10 organisms to cause infection. What feature explains this remarkably low infectious dose? (hint: gorilla on a tight rope)
Acid resistance. Shigella survives passage through stomach acid.
List the envelope status, strand sense, nucleic acid of norovirus.
nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.
Adenovirus is most common in which population?
Pediatrics.
This organism’s main virulence factor inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit, and can trigger hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Shiga toxin (Stx)
Name three closed-community settings where norovirus outbreaks classically cluster.
Any three of: cruise ships, nursing homes, schools, hospitals, military barracks, resorts.
Adenovirus is the most common infection of which two structures in the body?
The adenoids and tonsils.
Unlike Salmonella, which has animal reservoirs, this single species is the ONLY natural reservoir for Shigella. How is it transmitted?
Humans. Transmission is fecal-oral / person-to-person.
By what mechanism does contagiousness outlast symptomatic infection in norovirus?
Through the shedding of virus in the stool
List the properties of adenovirus (strandedness, nucleic acid type, enveloped or not).
Nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus.
After Shigella invades the basolateral side of enterocytes, this transcription factor is triggered, producing IL-8 to recruit neutrophils to the site of infection.
NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B)
Name two norovirus proteins that help the virus evade host T-cell detection and dampen cytokine signaling.
VF1 (lowers host cytokine/inflammation control) and VP2 (lowers antigen presentation to hide infected cells from T-cells).
What structural feature lets enteric adenovirus strains pecifically target intestinal cells?
Fiber proteins.