Presidential Powers
This term describes the president as the leader of the military.
Commander-in-Chief?
In this 1962 case, the Supreme Court ruled school prayer unconstitutional.
Engel v. Vitale?
This process allows the president and Senate to approve or reject federal judges.
Judge Nomination Process?
This philosophy emphasizes sticking to the original intent of the Constitution.
What is Originalism
A government worker hired based on ability and qualifications, not connections.
Civil Servant
This power allows the president to forgive someone for a federal crime.
What is the Pardon Power
This 1972 case allowed Amish children to stop attending school after 8th grade for religious
Wisconsin v. Yoder
A judge who interprets the Constitution broadly, considering modern values, is using this philosophy.
Judicial Activism
A philosophy that interprets the Constitution as a “living document” is called this.
Living Constitution
This system gives government jobs to friends or supporters of elected officials.
Patronage
Presidents can use this tool to make laws without Congress, often controversial.
Executive Order?
In Engel v. Vitale, the Court ruled that this amendment prevents school-sponsored prayer.
First Amendment
A judge who sticks closely to the text of the Constitution practices this philosophy.
Judicial Restraint
Judges who look at social and political consequences when making decisions are practicing this.
Pragmatism
This system requires government workers to pass exams and meet standards to get a job.
Merit System
A term for the president’s ability to influence public opinion through speeches and media.
Bully Pulpit
The Wisconsin v. Yoder decision highlighted the conflict between compulsory education laws and this right.
freedom of religion
When judges are influenced by political party views, this type of bias may occur.
Partisan
A philosophy where judges avoid overturning precedent unless absolutely necessary is called this.
Judicial Restraint
This type of worker is chosen by the president and often leaves when the administration changes
Political Appointee
This president famously used the “Bully Pulpit” to promote his Square Deal policies.
Theodore Roosevelt?
Engel v. Vitale involved a prayer that was voluntary or mandatory in public schools?
mandatory?
When judges work across party lines to find compromise, it is called this.
Bipartisanship
This judicial philosophy is often linked with favoring individual liberties over government power.
Liberal/Progressive Interpretation
The federal bureaucracy is sometimes called the “fourth branch” because it helps carry out these.
laws and policies