skin hair and nails
What are the 3 sources skin color derives from?
-Melanin.. brown pigment
-carotene... yellow orange pigment
-red purple... tones in the underlying vascular bed
During pregnancy, what happens to the thyroid? what is the reason this happens?
The thyroid enlarges due to hyperplasia of the tissues and increased vascularity
what nerves stimulate the extraocular muscles?
cranial nerve 6-abducten nerve.. innervates lateral rectus muscle
cranial nerve 4, trochlear nerve.. innervates superior oblique muscle
cranial nerve 3, oculomotor nerve.. innervates all the rest
If the TM is white an older pt is that normal?
Yes
what is the common site of nose bleeds?
kisselbach plexus located in septum
What gland produces sweat and temp reg vs body odor and occurs during puberty?
Apocrine gland occurs during puberty and allows for body odors.. pheromones
Eccrine allows for body temp and sweating
If a pt has exophthalmos, what is possible diagnoses or inferences?
Graves dieases, thyroid issues.. hyperthroidism
What consist of the inner layers of eye?
retina
optic disc
macula
lens
If your pt has reported diffucilty hearing with unstable gait.. what would you infer?
Ruptured vestibular apparatus..labyrinth
what is white cheesy curd like patches on the tongue that cannot be scraped off?
Leukoplakia
Normal nail is 160, clubbing would be 180 degrees or more
If your pt who is an elder has twisted and prominent temporal arteries.. what is the intervention?
nothing.. this is normal in elders
If your pt mentions they have trouble reading and is elder which vision test will you perform?
Jaeger card
conductive hearing loss is due to...
sensorineural hearing loss is due to...
CEM: Conductive.. external and middle ear
SIN: Sensorinueral.. inner ear
What is oral kaposi sarcoma and who is it most common in?
most common in people with AIDS, and is a dark red violet macule on hard or soft palate
What is the difference between sebboric keratoses vs acidic keratoses?
-Sebborheic is non cancerous, raised, looks like a wart and often black or brown
-Acidic keratoses are small, rough and red bumps caused by sun damage which can lead to skin CANCER
Congenital torticollis is?
-hematoma in a sternomastoid muscle due to malposition, leading to limited neck ROM
What is the difference between pingueculae and xanthelasma?
pingeucula is yellow raised bumps on the scelera, non cancerous
xanthelasma is yellow raised plaque occuring on inner canthus or upper eyelid..related to HLD
If your pt who is 50 cant hear his wife talking loudly in front of him.. we'd infer he has?
Presbycusis.. which is age related hearing loss
if your pt tonsils is erthematous but has no exedate or hypertrophy it is called?
viral pharyngitis
What are the 3 malignant skin lesions?
-basal cell carcinoma
-sqaumous cell carcinoma
-malignant melonoma
What causes Acromegaly, cushing sydrome and parkingson syndrome? (different answer for each)
Acromegaly- caused by excess growth hormone
Cushing sydrome- caused by high cortisol
Parkinsons- caused by dopamine loss
Which pupil abnormality requires ASAP medical attention?
Anisocoria.. unequal pupil size
If your pt has pus, and crust around their auricle that is a sign of?
What 4 features suggest streptococcal pharyngitis?
-absence of cough
-swollen tender anterior cervical nodes
-fever over 100.4
tonsillar exudate
*requires rapid antigen testing