Ethical/Legal/Professional Issues
What is the general consensus about confidentiality following the death of the client?
1. Confidentiality survives the death of the client.
2. Confidentiality does not survive the death of the client.
3. The patient's next of kin has the right to waive confidentiality.
4. The therapist has the right to waive confidentiality.
1. Confidentiality survives the death of the client. 200
Which of the following disorders is autosomal dominant?
1. Multiple Sclerosis.
2. Parkinson's.
3. Huntington's.
4. Tourette's.
3. Huntington's. 199 (Biological)
The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome tend to:
1. be most visible in the first three years of life and may gradually decline thereafter.
2. be permanent.
3. be most visible in infancy and early childhood, but disappear by adulthood.
4. emerge most dramatically during adolescence.
2. be permanent. 195
Which of the following is an example of a client-centered case consultation?
1. Working with a coordinator of a program for emotionally disturbed children to improve her skills in managing acting out and violent behavior.
2. Educating a clinician working in a public clinic on how to intervene with an adolescent at risk for becoming involved in gangs.
3. Helping a clinic director to explore ways for creating an outreach program for pregnant teens in order to provide them with perinatal care.
4. Working with clinic administrators on ways to enhance their expertise and efforts for increasing outreach to runaway youth.
2. Educating a clinician working in a public clinic on how to intervene with an adolescent at risk for becoming involved in gangs. 197.
A man exhibits shallow emotionality, dysphoria when not the focus of attention, dramatic speech, and eccentric appearance. In addition, he has many acquaintances but few close friends. These symptoms are most suggestive of:
1. Borderline Personality Disorder.
2. Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
3. Histrionic Personality Disorder.
4. Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
3. Histrionic Personality Disorder. 198
A psychologist's contract with a managed care company is abruptly terminated by the company. Which of the following statements best describes the psychologist's ethical obligation according to APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002)?
1. Patients should not be terminated until they have been provided with pre-termination counseling.
2. The psychologist must continue to see those patients who are in crisis.
3. The psychologist may terminate the patients immediately or as soon as is practically feasible, provided that the limits of their care through the managed care company were made clear at the time of informed consent.
4. The psychologist does not have to provide pretermination counseling if the actions of the managed care company preclude pretermination counseling.
4. The psychologist does not have to provide pretermination counseling if the actions of the managed care company preclude pretermination counseling. 192
You have trouble learning Spanish in college because the French you learned in high school keeps coming to your mind. This phenomenon is known as:
1. retroactive inhibition.
2. proactive inhibition.
3. memory decay.
4. memory retrieval failure.
2. proactive inhibition. 196 (Cognitive-Affective)
In terms of suicide rates for adolescents:
1. African American adolescents have higher rates of suicide than their Caucasians peers, and rates in both groups are on the rise.
2. African American adolescents have higher rates of suicide than their Caucasians peers, and rates in both groups are on the decline.
3. Caucasian adolescents have higher rates of suicide than their African American peers, and rates in both groups are on the rise.
4. Caucasian adolescents have higher rates of suicide than their African American peers, and rates in both groups are on the decline.
3. Caucasian adolescents have higher rates of suicide than their African American peers, and rates in both groups are on the rise. 191
Which of the following statements regarding Organizational Development (OD) is not true?
1. OD interventions are based on systems theory.
2. OD interventions focus on relationships.
3. OD interventions are designed to help employees adapt to unanticipated organizational changes.
4. A goal of OD is increased performance.
3. OD interventions are designed to help employees adapt to unanticipated organizational changes. 187
Children with autism show relative strength on:
1. the Embedded Figures Test.
2. the TONI-3 test.
3. Raven's Progressive Matrices.
4. the Stanford-Binet.
1. the Embedded Figures Test. 188
You are treating a 30-year-old single African American woman and her ten-year-old son. The son is severely depressed and moderately suicidal. It becomes clear that your client is abusing her son, however, she threatens to pull her son out of treatment if you report this abuse. Your most ethical course of action would be to:
1. make a report immediately to the appropriate authorities.
2. maintain confidentiality because of the potentially life-threatening nature of ending treatment with the son.
3. further discuss the issue with your client, and base your decision to report or not report on what transpires.
4. seek consultation.
1. make a report immediately to the appropriate authorities. 182
Group decision-making is most likely to be adversely affected by:
1. social loafing and social inhibition.
2. social comparison and deindividuation.
3. response polarization and groupthink.
4. risky shift and diffusion of responsibility.
3. response polarization and groupthink. 190 (Social & Multicultural)
A child is most likely to take her first step at about:
1. 9 months.
2. 12 months.
3. 14 months.
4. 17 months.
2. 12 months. 189
When a worker enjoys the type of work that he does, one would most likely expect to see:
1. increased work quantity.
2. improved work quality.
3. decreased tardiness and missed days.
4. improved working relationships.
3. decreased tardiness and missed days. 170
Which of the following is not true about Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
1. The aggressive acts are impulsive and typically not premeditated.
2. The person has little remorse and feels justified after the aggressive act.
3. This disorder is associated with neurological abnormalities.
4. The individual may exhibit aggressiveness between explosive episodes.
2. The person has little remorse and feels justified after the aggressive act. 181
A child's guardian contacts you and requests an evaluation for the child. In this situation, you can evaluate the child:
1. after you have obtained permission from the court.
2. only if the guardian has full custody of the child.
3. only after you have obtained permission from one or both biological parents.
4. after having obtained the guardian's consent.
4. after having obtained the guardian's consent. 178
Which of the following is an illustration of the self-serving bias?
1. Mike believes that he failed the biology exam because the test was hard, but Mary failed the exam because she has never been good at biology.
2. Mike believes that he passed the algebra exam because he is good at algebra, but Mary failed the exam because she does not know much about algebra.
3. Mike believes that he failed the biology exam because the test was hard, but he passed the algebra exam because he is good at algebra.
4. Mike believes that he failed the biology exam because he has never been good at biology, but passed the algebra exam because the test was easy.
3. Mike believes that he failed the biology exam because the test was hard, but he passed the algebra exam because he is good at algebra. 184 (Social & Multicultural)
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cognitive changes associated with aging?
1. Crystallized intelligence peaks in the fifth or sixth decade and thereafter declines.
2. Fluid intelligence peaks in the fourth or fifth decade and thereafter declines.
3. Psychomotor speed declines with aging, while attention and concentration remain relatively unimpaired.
4. The ability to reason and use logic in ecologically-valid assessments does not appear to be greatly affected by aging.
4. The ability to reason and use logic in ecologically-valid assessments does not appear to be greatly affected by aging. 185
Which combination of interventions is best suited for treating Conduct Disorder?
1. Individual and group therapy.
2. Individual and family therapy.
3. Residential placement with behavior modification.
4. Individual therapy and medication.
2. Individual and family therapy. 164
The most frequent type of hallucination experienced by persons with Schizophrenia is:
1. auditory.
2. visual.
3. tactile.
4. olfactory.
1. auditory. 177
After two weeks of seeing a new client, a psychologist realizes that they are both taking the same exercise class at a health club. What would be the psychologist's wisest course of action?
1. Provide an appropriate referral and terminate therapy.
2. Continue in the exercise class as long as she discusses the situation with the patient.
3. Discuss the situation with the patient and make a decision based on the outcome of the discussion.
4. Stop attending the exercise class.
4. Stop attending the exercise class. 175
What differentiates higher-order conditioning from stimulus generalization?
1. Stimulus generalization involves generalizing from the US to other similar stimuli.
2. Higher-order conditioning involves pairing the US with a neutral stimulus.
3. Stimulus generalization involves making different responses to the same stimulus.
4. Higher-order conditioning involves pairing the CS with a neutral stimulus.
4. Higher-order conditioning involves pairing the CS with a neutral stimulus. 180 (Cognitive-Affective)
All of the following are sources of resilience, the ability to overcome adversity and lead a positive life, except:
1. Sociability.
2. Internal locus of control.
3. A large immediate family.
4. Support outside the family.
3. A large immediate family. 165
According to Theory Y:
1. workers function best under an autocratic leader.
2. workers can demonstrate responsibility on the job if they are given incentives.
3. group decision making is critical to successful work performance.
4. workers can be expected to seek challenges on the job.
4. workers can be expected to seek challenges on the job. 160
The Kappa coefficient would be used to express:
1. interrater reliability.
2. test-retest reliability.
3. parallel forms reliability.
4. internal consistency reliability.
1. interrater reliability. 176