Rhetorical Strategies
"Let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own" - appealing to audience, causing nationalistic feelings to rise.
What is pathos?
John F. Kennedy
Who is the speaker?
"We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty"
What is parallelism?
"Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?" - used to make a point, not look for an answer
What is a rhetorical question?
At this age JFK was elected
What is 43?
“But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course… yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war” - referencing the Cold War, calling for change to bring balance again.
What is pathos?
The Inaugural Address on Friday, January 20, 1961
What is the occasion?
"Let both sides explore what problems unite us... Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals... Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science" (hint: repetition at the beginning of clauses)
What is anaphora?
Kennedy's belief that "Those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside." in other words, JFK believed that power must be earned and not taken is an example of this device.
What is a metaphor?
JFK was president during this world war.
What is the Cold War?
"All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet" - employs reason and the reality of the situation
What is Logos?
American citizens, America's allies, and the world
Who is the audience?
"Not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right." - Reference to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
What is allusion?
"But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers" - conveys contradictory terms
What is an oxymoron?
The man who assassinated JFK
Who is Lee Harvey Oswald?
"The belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God" - credibility of JFK is shown through his Roman Catholic beliefs.
What is ethos?
Hopeful, powerful, and compassionate
What is the tone?
"Only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed" - shows repetition in between clauses
What is a anadiplosis?
"My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man" - This quote inverts from the usual order of clauses and addresses a third party.
What is anastrophe or apostrophe?
JFK's middle name
What is Fitzgerald?
"If a free society can not help the many who are poor, it can not save the few who are rich" - provides practicality and truth of our society.
What is logos?
To show his perspective on beginnings, endings, war, peace, disease, and poverty.
What is the purpose?
"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" - shows comparison/contrast; repetition in successive clauses, but in a transposed order
What is juxtaposition or antimetabole?
"Not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need - not as a call to battle, though embattled are we" - shows repetition at beginning of clauses and expresses contrasting beliefs.
What is anaphora or antithesis?
JFK was the first US president to be elected with this religion.
What is Roman Catholicism?