Acts, Amendments, & More
Three amendments that abolished involuntary servitude, gave African Americans equal protection under law, and gave voting rights to African American men.
What were the 13th, 14th, and 15th Civil Rights Amendments?
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What were the Civil Rights Amendments?
A suffragist who fought for rights regardless of race or gender, this activist's quote became the NAACP motto: "lifting as we climb."
Who was Mary Church Terrell?
Laws that restricted civil rights for black people in many ways.
What were the black codes?
This person got arrested for violating Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890 and used this arrest to meet with and challenge the Supreme Court about said act.
Who was Homer Plessy?
Education institutions that offered higher education opportunities to Black Americans.
What are the HBCUs?
An act that granted all citizens, regardless of color access to accommodations.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
An American organization created to work for the abolition of segregation and discrimination to ensure constitutional rights for African Americans.
What is the NAACP?
The extrajudicial killing of a person by a mob, usually by hanging for an alleged offense or for violating a social custom.
What were lynchings?
A court case where the Supreme Court's ruling upheld state-mandated racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, providing a legal basis for Jim Crow Laws.
What was the Plessy v. Ferguson case?
An informal, unwritten agreement that settled the disputed 1876 presidential election and is most known for effectively ending the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
A Jim Crow law that required separate, but supposedly equal, railway cars for Black and White passengers within the state. This segregation law was famously challenged in the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.
What was the Seperate Car Act of 1890?
A Civil Rights Activist born into poverty in 1956 and was determined for education. He enrolled at classes at a school while working there at a janitor and ended up teaching for 5-6 years.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
An American Protestant-led Christian extremist, white supremacist, far-right hate group that was dedicated to white supremacy and the violent oppression of Black Americans, Jewish people, immigrants, and others.
Who were the KKK?
What committee was formed by a group of Creole professionals to test the constitutionality of the Separate Car Act and hire a legal counsel to fight the state law?
A mass migration of approximately 40 to 60 thousand African Americans known as "Exodusters" primarily from Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, to the Great Plains states. These migrants had continued their journey westward driven by the oppressive racial conditions and economic hardship.
What was the Exodus of 1879?
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What was the Exoduster Movement?
A doctrine established as the final decision of the Plessy v. Ferguson case that held that racial segregation was constitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, as long as the separate facilities for each race were equal.
What was the "separate but equal" doctrine?
Founder of the NAACP, this Harvard alumnus criticized Booker T. Washington's gradualist outlook and believed that the correct approach in gaining rights was immediate action.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
A series of violent attacks by armed white mobs against African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia. It began on September 22, 1906 after a newspaper published reports of 4 alleged rapes on white women by black men.
What were the Atlanta Riots of 1906?
In a 7-1 decision, who had led the Court ruling that the Louisiana law was constitutional, establishing the legal precedent of "separate but equal"?
Who was Justice Henry Brown?
Racial or ethnic separation that exists in practice but is not enforced by law. It arises from social, economic, and residential patterns rather than explicit policies.
What is de facto segregation?
A significant state document that, among other changes, officially ended the Reconstruction era by shifting power away from radical Republicans and towards the Democratic Party.
After seeing three of their friends lynched, this person dedicated themselves to fighting Lynch laws, attending Niagra and becoming a co-founder of the NAACP.
Who was Ida B. Wells?
A white supremacist terrorist organization associated with the Ku Klux Klan generally composed of a higher-class membership. This group used intimidation and violence to suppress the rights of formerly enslaved people and maintain white control.
Who were the White Camellia?
Who wrote the sole dissenting opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, arguing that the Court's decision was a mistake?
Who was Justice John Marshall Harlan?
The legal or governmental enforcement of the separation of different groups of people, typically based on race, religion, or other factors, often through laws and policies.
What is de jure segregation?