The study of external and internal forces that cause motion of the human body is called what?
Biomechanics
What is the definition of a joint?
A location in the body where two or more bones meet
Describe the movement of hip extension.
Leg swings back behind body
Name at least three key structures common to most synovial joints.
Bone, articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, joint capsule, or joint cavity.
A truck is towing a car with a rope. What type of stress is being applied to the rope?
Tension
Explain the difference between stress and strain.
Stress – the application of force to an object
Strain – how the object changes (shape or size) in response to stress
Name the three main types of joints.
Describe the movement of knee flexion.
Knee bends
In which anatomical plane do flexion and extension occur?
Sagittal plane
Provide an example of shear stress.
Describe how a lever, a fulcrum, and an applied force interact.
Lever (bone) is rigid bar that can pivot on a fulcrum (joint) as the result of a force (muscle action). Sometimes there is resistance (gravity, weight) to that force.
Which of the three main types of joints is the most mobile and least stable?
Synovial
Describe the movement of shoulder abduction.
Arm moves away from midline of body out to the side
Name the type of synovial joint that allows angular movement in a single plane.
Hinge joint (ex: elbow, knee, fingers, toes)
A man is wringing out a sponge. What type of stress is being applied to the sponge?
Torsion
Give one reason it is important to understand how bone responds to stress.
True or False: The skull is an example of a synovial joint.
False (fibrous)
Provide an example of adduction.
Part of body (likely leg or arm) moves from the side toward midline of body
In which anatomical plane do abduction and adduction occur?
Coronal plane
Provide an example of bending.
Give one reason it is important to understand how orthopaedic implants respond to stress.
Name one characteristic of a cartilaginous joint.
What are the two directional terms we use to describe or classify rotation?
Internal and external
Describe a ball-and-socket joint and provide one fact about them.
Provide an example of compression.