Biology
What is genetics?
Genetics is the study of genes and heredity
An object is dropped from rest from a height of 20 meters. Ignore air resistance. How long does it take for the object to hit the ground?
About 2.02 seconds
Why does the atomic radius decrease across a period in the periodic table? (Must be very detailed)
Atomic radius decreases across a period because the number of protons increases, resulting in a stronger nuclear charge that pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus.
Find x+y, if: 5x+8y=67 and 2x-y=3
14
What is the programming paradigm that uses classes and objects?
What is object-oriented programming (OOP)?
In a certain population of rabbits, fur color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles: B (brown fur) and b (white fur). Brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). If two heterozygous rabbits (Bb) are crossed, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?
3:1
A 10 kg box is being pushed across a horizontal surface with a force of 50 N. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the surface is 0.2, what is the acceleration of the box?
3 m/s^2
Explain why ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, conduct electricity when dissolved in water but not in their solid state. (Must be very detailed)
In water, ionic compounds dissociate into ions, which are free to move and conduct electricity. In the solid state, the ions are held in a fixed lattice and cannot move to carry charge.)
Given: a = b+2c, b = 3c. What is the average of numbers a, b and c?
3c
This algorithm is used to arrange a list of number in ascending order by repeatedly stepping through the list, comparing adjacent elements, and swapping them if they are in the wrong order
Bubble sort algorithm
What occurs during photosynthesis? (must describe the entire process in extreme detail)
Light reactions, which convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP, NADPH) in the thylakoid membranes, fuel the Calvin cycle’s production of sugars in the stroma.
A 2.0 kg block is pushed against a vertical wall with a force of 50 N directed horizontally. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the wall is 0.6, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.4. Determine whether the block remains stationary or slides, and if it slides, calculate the acceleration of the block
The block remains stationary because the maximum static friction force, fs = 0.6 x 50 = 30N, is greater than the gravitational force, mg = 19.6N.
A reaction has the following rate law:
Rate = k[A]2[B]
If the concentration of A is doubled and B is tripled, by what factor will the reaction rate increase?
Rate increases by a factor of 12
Theorem: A triangle has at most one obtuse angle.
Eduardo is proving the theorem above by contradiction. He began by assuming that in triangle ABC, angle A and angle B are both obtuse. Which theorem will Eduardo use to reach a contradiction?
The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.
Given the following code segment,
int m = 23;int n = 5;int p = m % n;
what is the value assigned to p?
3
In the process of cellular respiration, the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) plays a key regulatory role in glycolysis. PFK is allosterically inhibited by high concentrations of ATP.
Explain why ATP acts as an inhibitor for PFK, even though it is also a substrate for this enzyme.
ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor for PFK to regulate energy production. When ATP levels are high, it signals that the cell has sufficient energy, so inhibiting PFK slows glycolysis and conserves glucose for later use. ATP binds to an allosteric site, reducing the enzyme's activity
A parallel-plate capacitor with a plate area of 2.0m2 and a separation of 0.01 m is filled with a dielectric material with a dielectric constant k = 4.0. If a 12.0 V potential difference is applied across the plates, calculate the capacitance of the capacitor and the amount of energy stored in the capacitor (Permittivity of free space: ε0 = 8.85 x 10-12 F/m). Make sure to answer both parts.
Part 1: C = 7.08 x 10-9 F
Part 2: U = 5.1 x 10-8 J
Why is the entropy of a system typically positive when a solid dissolves in water? (Must be detailed)
When a solid dissolves, the ions or molecules become dispersed in the solvent, increasing the disorder of the system and resulting in a positive entropy change.
Acme Corporation manufactures light bulbs. The CEO claims that an average Acme light bulb lasts 300 days. A researcher randomly selects 15 bulbs for testing. The sampled bulbs last an average of 290 days, with a standard deviation of 50 days. If the CEO's claim were true, what is the probability that 15 randomly selected bulbs would have an average life of no more than 290 days?
0.226
Consider the following code segment.
int num = 5;
num *= 2;
num %= 6;
What is the value of num after the code segment is executed?
4
A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a eukaryotic gene that is essential for cellular respiration. This mutation decreases the binding affinity of general transcription factors. Explain, in detail, the potential effects this mutation could have on the organism at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, considering its role in energy metabolism.
The mutation would reduce transcription of the gene, leading to lower levels of mRNA and, consequently, a decreased production of the protein encoded by the gene. At the molecular level, this would impair the synthesis of a key enzyme required for cellular respiration, decreasing the cell's ability to produce ATP efficiently. At the cellular level, this energy deficit would affect processes like active transport, protein synthesis, and cell signaling. Systemically, tissues with high energy demands, such as muscle and nervous tissue, would suffer the most, potentially leading to symptoms like fatigue, muscle weakness, and impaired neural function. In severe cases, this could disrupt homeostasis and lead to organismal failure.
A uniform solid sphere of mass M = 3.0kg and radius R = 0.2 m rolls without slipping down an incline of angle θ=30 degrees. Calculate the linear acceleration of the sphere and determine the frictional force acting on the sphere.
Part 1: a = 5/7 x g sinθ = 3.5 m/s2
Part 2: f = 2/7 M x g sinθ = 4.2N
For the reaction:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2SO3(g)
the equilibrium constant Kp is 0.50 at 400K. If the partial pressures are PSO2 = 0.30atm, PO2 = 0.20 atm, and PSO3 = 0.10 atm, determine whether the system is at equilibrium and, if not, in which direction it will shift.
The reaction will shift to the right because Qp = 0.056 < Kp
The coefficient of x4 in the Taylor series expansion about x = 0 for f(x) = e3x^2 is...
9/2
What is the amortized tine complexity of the "Decrease Key" operation in a Fibonacci Heap, and how does it contribute to the efficiency of Dijkstra's algorithm?
O(1) for the "Decrease Key" operation