Laws
The branch of law that regulates business and commercial transactions.
Commercial law
A legal duty to act with reasonable care to avoid harming others.
Duty of care
The legal ability of a person to enter into a binding agreement.
Capacity
Clue: Legal ability to enter into a contract.
Legal capacity
Mr. Green opens a nightclub in a residential area. Every night loud music continues until 3 a.m. Neighbors cannot sleep and suffer stress and headaches. Despite multiple complaints, the noise continues.
Nuisance
The branch of law that governs relations between states and international organizations.
International law
Failure to meet the required standard of care.
Breach of duty
Final and unconditional agreement to the terms of an offer.
Acceptance
Clue: A deliberate intention to commit a wrongful act.
Intent
A surgeon forgets a surgical instrument inside a patient during an operation. The patient later suffers severe infection and requires another surgery.
Negligence
The branch of law that regulates the structure and powers of government.
Constitutional law
A direct link between an action and the resulting harm.
Causation
Something of value exchanged between the parties.
Consideration
Clue: A legal justification or excuse against liability.
Defence
Emma walks across her neighbor’s private garden without permission, even though there is a fence and a “Private Property” sign clearly visible.
Trespass
The branch of law that governs disputes between private individuals and organizations.
civil law
Financial compensation awarded to an injured party.
Damages
A clear expression of willingness to enter into a contract on specific terms.
Offer
Clue: A court order requiring someone to do or stop doing something.
Injunction
During an argument, John raises his fist and threatens to punch Mark. Mark genuinely believes he is about to be hit.
Assault
The body of law dealing with crimes and punishment.
Criminal law
A false statement that harms someone’s reputation.
Defamation
A violation of contractual obligations by one party.
Breach of contract
Clue: Resolving a dispute without a trial.
Settlement
During a heated discussion, Anna pushes Lisa forcefully without her consent. Lisa falls and is injured.
Battery