Depression and Popularity
The Rising Star
First Term: And the money keeps rolling in, but then out
Second Term, and Perón's star fades
Santa Evita
100
Before the Great Depression, the Argentine economy was based on...Also, the Great Depression started in _____ (year)
Meat and wheat 1929
100
Name the group that staged the coup that initially brought Juan Perón into a position of power (not the acronym, the full name!).
Grupo de Oficiales Unidos
100
In what year was Juan Perón elected as president of Argentina for the first time?
1946
100
Name the years of the Second Five Year Plan
1952-1955
100
When did Juan Perón and Eva Duarte get married (1st informal wedding)?
October 18, 1945
200
In 1930, the Concordancia took power, accusing the democratically elected president of Argentina of mishandling the Great Depression. Their oppressive ruled lasted 13 years. What was it called?
The Infamous Decade
200
This brought Juan Perón national attention for the first time because of his relief efforts. Include the date.
San Juan Earthquake in 1944
200
Under the First Five Year Plan, Gross Domestic Product reached about 30%, but then quickly fell to ______
0% This meant that Argentina was making NO MONEY
200
Perón is elected to a second term as president in 1951, and begins the new term in 1952. To what should he attribute his win?
Women earning the right to vote, which Evita convinced him to give
200
Was was Evita's socioeconomic background?
She grew up very poor as an illegitimate child. She moved to Buenos Aires as a teenager to try to make it big as an actress.
300
What is 1 key defining trait of a populist leader's personality?
Populist leaders have to be charismatic
300
By 1945, Perón held what 3 positions in the GOU?
Minister of Labor and Welfare Minister of War Vice President
300
Name 2 goals of the First Five Year Plan
Diversify the economy (more industry especially) and reduce foreign influence (especially through nationalization). Could also talk about increasing wages.
300
Give 2 contrasts between the the Second Five Year Plan and the First Five Year Plan
1. Inflation rose in the first and fell in the second 2. The first focused on economic independence and the second invited foreigners back into Argentina 3. Wages rose under the first and fell under the second
300
The Eva Perón Foundation did many good things, but may have been shady. Name 2 positive contributions it made to society, and 1 reason that people were suspicious of it.
Positive: gave shoes to children who could not afford them, cooking pots to families who needed them, employed over 14,000 people - all around, helped with the social justice aspect of Perón's agenda Negative: allegations of shady accounting, including embezzling money
400
What is 1 key defining characteristic about populist ideology?
Possible answers: 1) it is vague 2) it is an attempt to please everyone, even if some ideas contradict others 3) it is about happiness for everyone 4) it tends to promise a lot more than it can deliver
400
Name 3 things that Perón did for workers rights as the Minister of Labor and Welfare under the GOU
Paid holidays for workers Retirement benefits Increased wages Commissions formed by representatives of labor and employers to negotiate conditions and pay Creation of labor courts to rule in conflicts between workers and employers
400
The First Five Year Plan started in _____ and ended in ____
1946-1951
400
Name the organization that Perón used to violently quell any opposition to his rule toward the end of his presidency.
the National Liberating Alliance
400
In what year did Evita die?
1952
500
Name the stages of a theoretical populist government (brief)
1) Economic depression 2) charismatic leader comes to power promising something for everyone 3) prosperity 4) prosperity falters 5) populist leader chooses to move right or left (response to the needs of the time) 6) typically they choose the right 7) cuts off social welfare 8) protests followed by repression and protests 9) military coup to regain order
500
Name the date (month, day, year) that Perón was released from prison. This is known as Loyalty Day and was the official launch of his presidential campaign.
October 17, 1945
500
What were some of Perón's major social achievements during his first term?
He oversaw the building of over 1000 new kindergartens and the building of 650,000 new public sector housing for the poor. He increased vacation days for workers. The Eva Perón Foundation was founded in 1948 too.
500
Name 3 reasons why Juan Perón spiraled out of control and was ultimately overthrown in Sept 1955
1) Evita died in 1952 and he was grief-stricken 2) He "attacked" the Catholic Church through measures that would separate Church and State and also legalize things that the Church did not approve of (divorce, for example) 3) His economic policies had not brought prosperity and he couldn't find a solution
500
Did Juan Perón stay in power because of Evita? Why or why not?
Answers will vary
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