Topic 1
What are the three types of planes ?
Sagittal,Coronal,Transverse
State the 3 principal structures of the ventilatory system
Nose, Mouth, Pharynx
State the micronutrients ?
Vitamins, Fiber, Minerals
State how many types of levers are they
3 types of levers
What are the four types of bones?
Flat,long,short,irregular
Define the terms systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Systolic: the force exerted by blood on arterial walls during ventricular contraction.
Diastolic: the force exerted by blood on arterial walls during ventricular relaxation.
Explain what is a catabolic reaction and an example
Chemical reactions that break down complex organic compounds into simpler ones, with the net release of energy
Which is the function of the Dendrides?
Dendrides recibe electrical signs from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body
Define what part of the skeletal system connects bones to muscle?
tendons
Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport.
98.5% of oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within red blood cells
Describe which energy system is used in a 2 min run?
Lactic acid
Explain the 1st newton law
"A body at rest will remain at rest, and body in motion will remain in motion unless it is accepted upon by a external fource
What are the three types of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Describe three cardiovascular adaptations resulting from endurance exercise training.
⟶ Stroke volume/left ventricular volume increases --> because of heart hypertrophy
⟶ Increased capillarization --> the muscles are surrounded by an increase in capillaries that allow more oxygen supply
⟶ Arterio-venous oxygen difference increases --> this is due to adaptations in the mitochondria, increased myoglobin and improved capillarization
Explain the 3 differences between saturated and unsaturated fats.
Saturaded: No double bonds, come from animal, Solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated: Double bond, come from plants, Liquid at room temperature.
Which ion is needed for the sliding theory
Ion
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
humerus
Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs.
Inhalation → Passive
Diaphragm contracts and lowers, External intercostal muscles contract, This causes the rib cage to move upwards and outwards, The volume of the chest cavity increases, The pressure inside the lungs drops below atmospheric pressure, Air rushes into the lungs
Exhalation → Active
The diaphragm relaxes and turns to a dome shape, Internal intercostal muscles contract, This causes the rib cage to move downwards and inwards, The volume of the chest cavity decreases, The pressure inside the lungs increases above atmospheric pressure, Air is forced out of the lungs and into the atmosphere
Describe the glycogenolysis process.
Fasting --> Low level of glucose --> A cells in the pancreas --> Glucagon --> gycogenolysis reaction --> Glycogen --> Glucose
Name te composition of the sarcomere
Actin, myosin, Z disc, H zone, A band, M line, I band