Return
When deciding to return back to Spain, this was required in order to travel long distances with families and goods, in search of permanent settlement.
What is a grant of safe conduct?
The name of the independent Pyrenean Kingdom that offered the last haven of freedom for Jews during the Spanish expulsion in 1492
Who was Navarre?
This Inquisition event contributed to increased Jewish migration into the Ottoman Empire during the early 16th century, in addition to exile from Spain.
what is The Portuguese Inquisition?
Under John II of Portugal, Jewish refugees were allowed entry into Portugal only if they met this financial requirement.
What is an Entry fee?
This misconception about the aftermath of 1942 is challenged in the text, which argues that the early years of exile were not brief or simple.
What is the idea that the expulsion can be understood as one short, unified moment?
Around 1492, the Spanish Catholic Monarchs began to issue formal decrees that granted their formal subjects the right to return to Spain, as long as they accepted this.
What is baptism?
Mechanism for which Ibn Jamil used to escape his first imprisonment
What is bribery?
The name of the famous city conquered by the Ottomans in 1453, marking a major expansion of their power.
What is Constantinople?
Many Jewish refugees who could not meet Portugal’s entry conditions under John II of Portugal faced this severe consequence
What is Enslavement?
This religion initially offered refuge to Spanish Jews after 1942 but quickly turned into another site of hardship and catastrophe
What is Portugal?
This was done to many Jews who had converted and returned by many dubious officials.
What is robbery?
The location of Ibn Jamil’s last capture
What is Granada?
The two main factors which attracted Jewish exiles to settle in Ottoman lands.
What is Economic Opportunity and Safety?
This 1497 policy under Manuel I of Portugal prevented Jews from leaving and instead required them to adopt Christianity.
What is forced conversion?
According to the text, many Jews who converted or returned to Spain did so for this primary reason, rather than a true change in religious belief.
What is survival due to social, economic and political hardship?
Jews returning from this location were far higher in number than Jews returning from Italy and North Africa.
What is Portugal?
The expulsion of 1492 is more of a slow and _____ process of geographic and cultural migration than a decisive moment
What is agonizing?
The Ottoman city that became known as the “second Jerusalem” due to its large Sephardic Jewish population.
What is Salonica?
Ray uses the experience of Jews in Portugal to challenge the idea of exile as a single event, instead emphasizing this broader concept.
What is Exile is a long complicated process?
This empire is identified as a place of greater long-term security, though difficult for many refugees to reach in the early years of exile.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Samuel Abulafia and Francisco de Aguila guided the decision to make this choice.
What is returning to Spain by converting?
The “weak willed and materialistic opportunists” _______ in order to remain in Spain?
What is converting to Christianity?
This Ottoman ruler reversed forced conversions of Jews and replaced them with more accommodating policies.
Who was Sultan Selim I?
Jewish refugees entering Portugal after the Alhambra Decree were initially granted this type of status rather than permanent settlement.
What is temporary refugee?
This long term outcome emerged from the struggles of early exiles, as they slowly established new communities across different regions.
What is the Sephardic Diaspora?