Vocabulary
the extent of the power to make legal decisions and judgments.
Jurisdiction
How long do Supreme Court Justices serve in their position?
For life. Until death, retirement, OR impeached.
Number of Federal Judicial Districts in the United States and its territories.
94 Federal District courts (89 in the 50 states).
A case in which the Court held that compulsory exclusion of citizens during times of war is justified in order to reduce the risk of espionage.
Korematsu v. United States
the Supreme Court’s majority ruled that neither students nor teachers “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” The Court took the position that school officials could not prohibit only on the suspicion that the speech might disrupt the learning environment.
Tinker v. Des Moines
Define:
Libel and Slander
Libel - method of defamation expressed by print
Slander - method of defamation expressed by speech
What are the requirements to become a Supreme Court Justice?
The Constitution sets no age, residence, or citizenship requirements for federal judges. Nor does it require that a judge have a professional background in law. Just that they have TRAINING in law.
DOUBLE POINTS!
What are the three types of jurisdiction?
Federal, State, Concurrent
a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States established the standard of reasonableness for searches of students conducted by public school officials in a school environment.
TLO v. New Jersey
a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court that invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag (flag burning), which at the time were enforced in 48 of the 50 states.
Texas v. Johnson
a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court that sets forth the decision of the court and an explanation of the rationale behind the court's decision.
Majority Opinion
DOUBLE POINTS!
What is the number of Supreme Court Justices and who is the Chief Justice?
Nine Justices.
Chief Justice = John G. Roberts Jr.
The Constitution makes the Supreme Court and allows Congress to create inferior courts. What are the two types Congress has established?
Constitutional and Special Courts
landmark decision of the US Supreme Court ruling that speech on a matter of public concern, on a public street, cannot be the basis of liability for a tort of emotional distress, even in the circumstances that the speech is viewed or interpreted as "offensive" or "outrageous".
Snyder v. Phelps
a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own.
Gideon v. Wainwright
guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process.
Civil Liberties
Power to decide the constitutionality of an act of government, whether executive, legislative, or judicial.
Judicial Review
West Virginia along with VA, MD, NC, and SC, is a member of which Federal Court Circuit?
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale
the Court held that if police do not inform people they arrest about certain constitutional rights, including their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, then their confessions may not be used as evidence at trial.
Miranda v. Arizona
the right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation.
Eminent Domain
The act or practice of changing the United States Supreme Court by increasing the number of judges or justices in an attempt to change the ideological makeup of the court.
Court Packing
The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces is considered a __________ which is a part of the judicial branch outside of the military control.
Civilian Tribunal
a United States Supreme Court case that examined the rights of freedom of the press as outlined in the First Amendment when weighed against a defendant's right to a fair trial as required by the Sixth Amendment and the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Sheppard v. Maxwell
the case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion was determined to outweigh the state's interest in educating their children.
Wisconsin v. Yoder