Know that number
How many Supreme Court justices hear each case?
All 9 Supreme Court justices hear the case at the same time.
What was the first case where judicial review was used?
Marbury vs. Madison
What is the ability to hear a case first
original jurisdiction
Who is the person who a lawsuit is filed against?
the defendant
What is the side that the most justices vote for and has the majority opinion?
the decision
How are federal courts created in the Constitution?
Article III of the Constitution creates one Supreme Court and allows Congress to create inferior courts
What did the Bill of Rights originally apply to?
only applied to the national government, not the states
How many tiers are in the U.S. federal court system?
3
both sides file briefs or detailed statements on their positions and then have oral arguments where they state their side of the case in front of the Supreme Court.
What happens when the Supreme Court hears a case
What is a higher court hearing a case on appeal from a lower court?
appellate jurisdiction
What is a judicial decision that is followed in future cases
precedent
If all 9 justices agree on the decision
the decision is unanimous
What is the authority of a court to hear a case.
jurisdiction
What Amendment is the Due Process Clause part of and what did it do?
14th Amendment to the Constitution was passed which granted rights to former slaves
How many judges usually hear each case in appeals/circuit courts?
a 3 judge panel
Who is the lawyer for the government in front of the Supreme Court?
the solicitor general
interpretation and application of the Constitution, federal laws, or cases that occur on bodies of water on ships
subject matter for a federal case
In what kind of case is a defendant is charged with a crime and could face fines or imprisonment if found guilty.
criminal case
judges being hesitant to overturn precedent and tending to defer to the judgment of the legislative and executive branches to make laws
judicial restraint
What is true about the number of district courts for each state?
Each state has at least one district court and no district court covers more than one state
What are rights that need protection from the government and restrict the government from infringing on people’s freedoms
Civil Liberties
How many courts of appeals are there?
13
What is sent when the Supreme Court orders a lower court to send up the records of a case so it can review it.
a writ of certiorari
What type of jurisdiction is in district courts?
only original jurisdiction
Who is the person who files a lawsuit
the plaintiff
What do justices write who disagree with the majority opinion?
dissenting opinions
What is true regarding the salaries of federal judges?
their salaries cannot be reduced during their term
No state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
the Due Process Clause
What are most of the cases that the Supreme Court hears and about how many of these cases does it hear each year?
Most of the cases the Supreme Court hears each year are on appeal from a lower court. It only hears about 80 cases a year out of thousands it is asked to hear.
Describe the power of the Supreme Court after judicial review was used for the first time.
This strengthened the power of the Supreme Court as it was the first time it ruled a law that was passed by Congress and signed by the president was unconstitutional and therefore void.
include the United States or one of its officers or agencies, ambassadors of other countries, conflicts between two or more states, residents of different states, or an American citizen in a lawsuit with another country or citizen of another country
parties involved for a federal case
What is the power of the courts to decide whether an act of government is constitutional. This could be a law passed either by Congress or by a state or an executive order by the President.
judicial review
judges interpreting the Constitution under the conditions of current times and a greater willingness to overturn precedent and the judgment of the legislative and executive branches
judicial activism
11 of these courts cover one of these, which is more than one state. No states are split up in 2 or more
circuit courts
What are rights that need to be protected by the government and are protections against discrimination
Civil Rights
How many district courts are there?
94
controversies involving 2 or more states or in cases against ambassadors to other countries.
Supreme Court has original jurisdiction
This court hears appeals on matters of patents, copyrights, and international trade.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
What kind of case is there is a dispute between two parties and one party is seeking money for damages done by the other party.
civil case
What do justices write who agree with the the outcome of the decision, but for different reasons than the majority opinion
concurring opinion
What are briefs usually filed by interest groups, who are not part of the case itself, but want the court to rule a certain way on it.
amicus curiae briefs
What applied the Bill of Rights to states on a case by case basis
process of incorporation