Criminal Cases
Brings the charges during a criminal case
Who is the State (Government)
Brings the cases against a person or company in a civil case
Who is the Plaintiff
The lowest court in the federal court system that hears the most cases
What are the Federal District Court (trial court)
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court includes
What are Original and Appellate Jurisdiction
The case that established Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison
The person who has charges brought against them is known as
Who is the defendant
The burden of proof in a civil case is
These are the courts that review cases for mistakes and are the middle tier of the federal court system
What are the Appellate Courts (Court of Appeals)
Disputes between states, Maritime law, cases against the US are examples of
What is Original Jurisdiction
The Dred Scott v Sandford case led to this due to is ruling on citizenship, finding the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, and refusal to grant Dred his freedom
What is the Civil War
Punishments that can be brought are
What are fines, incarceration, death
Punishments for a civil case include
What are fines or other legal action but never jail time
the person who is seeking to have a case reviewed by the Appellate Courts (Court of Appeals)
Who is the Defendant or Plaintiff (Civil)
Most of the cases reach the Supreme Court through a request from the Supreme Court known as
What is the Writ of Certiorari
The case that led to the federal government establishing nationwide regulations for abortion (Was overturned in 2022)
Roe v. Wade
Criminal cases require this to be considered a criminal case
What is a crime (breaking of a law)
Civil cases arise over
What are someone having been wronged, civil rights infringement, or damages
The documents and evidence that is recorded during a tail case are known as
What are Briefs
Lower court can use this to request the Supreme Court to review a case
Miranda v. Arizona established what as the required statement given when someone has been arrested
Miranda Rights (Miranda Warning)
Criminal cases require this to convict
Beyond reasonable doubt
The person you think of when you think of civil cases
Who is Judge Judy
A panel of 16-23 civilians that hears evidence to determine if there is enough to move to trial
What is a Grand Jury
The Supreme Court issues its ruling through an opinion. These are the four things you may find in this opinion.
Majority Opinion
Concurring Opinion
Dissenting Opinion
Precedents
The Supreme Court includes this many justices and requires how many of these justices to agree to hear a case
9 justices (1 chief and 8 associate)
Rule of 4 (4/9 must agree for case to be heard)