TERMS
Who is the PLAINTIFF in a court case?
-The individual who filed a complaint with the court
This Supreme Court cases ruled that a detained criminal suspect must be informed of their right to an attorney and their right to remain silent, before being questioned by the police
What is: Miranda v. Arizona
Who is the DEFENDANT in a court case?
-The individual who the lawsuit is filed against
This is the highest court in the federal system, has 9 Justices, and hears appeals through certiorari process
What is: U.S. Supreme Court
Article 3 of the Constitution established which branch of government?
What is: the Judicial Branch
Explain the following term in your own words:
DOUBLE JEPARDY
-You cannot be tried for the same crime twice after being acquitted
This Supreme Court case defined the scope of Congress's legislative power and how it relates to the legislatures
What is: McCulloch v. Maryland
Explain the term:
JURISDICTION
-the official power to make legal decisions and judgements
-the area in which a court and a system of laws has authority
These unique courts have narrowly defined jurisdictions
A few of these courts include: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, U.S. Tax Court, and Territorial Courts
What is: Special Courts
When judges advocate for the Supreme Court to be able to change the direction of legislative policies (to go beyond the written law and consider the more general social context), they are advocating for...?
What is: Judicial Activism
What is it called when the judicial structure has 2 independent court systems, with one operating at the federal level and the other at the state level?
What is: Dual Court System
This Supreme Court case ruled that state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional
What is: Brown v. Board of Education
This term is used to describe a worker's right to not be required to join a labor union
What is: Right-to-Work
This court has no original jurisdiction, is at the intermediate level in the federal court system, and has 12 regional Circuit Courts
What is: U.S. Court of Appeals
This legal term describes a type of judicial interpretation that emphasizes the limited nature of the court's power
What is: Judicial Restraint
Explain the term:
DUE PROCESS
-Making sure the Government acts fairly within the rules of society
-making sure the citizens get fair treatment within the legal system
This Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation laws didn't violate the constitution as long as the facilities were for each race were equal in quality
What is: Plessy v. Ferguson
Explain what the following term in your own words:
DUAL COURT SYSTEM
-two court systems operating at different levels, in the U.S. this system is made up of the State Courts and the Federal Courts
This court, established in 1820, is the highest court in the state of Missouri
What is: Missouri Supreme Court
Explain the following in your own words:
JUDICIAL REVIEW
-"review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act"
-That the actions of the executive & legislative branches of government are to be reviewed and possibly invalidated by the judiciary
A court order that demands a public official deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid reason for their detention
What is: A Writ of Habeas Corpus
This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in the United States
What is: Marbury v. Madison
Explain the following term in your own words:
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
-A set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination among applicants
-the practice/policy of favoring people are apart of groups known to have been discriminated against
This court is the lowest in the federal system, has 94 judicial districts, and usually has the original jurisdiction
What is: U.S. District Courts