Judicial Branch and Court System
The function of the Judicial Branch
Interpret Laws
This document contains the first ten amendments in the Constitution.
Bill of Rights
This court case would establish Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison, 1803
A Univeral set of principles that comes from people's basic sense of right and wrong
Natural Law
This landmark Supreme Court case established that the right to counsel applies to defendants accused of committing state crimes.
Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963
The Constitution established the Supreme Court but something different established the federal appellate courts and district courts
Congress
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
4th amendment
A slave sues for his freedom only to lose the case, and the supreme court claim enslaved people were property not citizens
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857
This refers to law determined by the outcomes of court cases that have occurred previously.
Common Law
the subject matter over which a court may exercise authority; also, a court’s power to hear a case
Jurisdiction
Trial courts have these, but appellate courts do not.
Jury
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President… shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
24th Amendment
This landmark Supreme Court case established that school newspapers can limit student speech.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 1988
The list of rights that must be read to a criminal suspect at the time of his or her arrest
Miranda Warning
This is about the right of all citizens of the United States to a speedy and fair public trial. This also means an impartial jury and the right to a defense counsel and witnesses in their favor.
6th Amendment
An appeal was filed and now for a higher court to hear the case they to issue this.
Writ of Certiorari
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
15th amendment
This court case infringed the plaintiff's 5th amendment when he was not notified of his rights and was forced to write a confession.
Miranda v. Arizona, 1966
Laws passed by federal or state legislatures
Statutory law
This group considers a case fairly, without favoring or discriminating against anyone. It is willing to look at the evidence open-mindedly and does not immediately assume guilt or innocence.
Impartial Jury
State Supreme Court
This amendment clarifies that United States citizens have far more rights than those currently listed and that their absence doesn’t diminish their importance.
9th amendment
This court case would overturn the ruling of "separate but equal"
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
the body of laws for the legal system for the armed forces
Military Law
The 4th through 8th amendment collectively cover this concept of rights
Rights of the Accused