Principles of Legal System
Criminal vs. Civil
Federal Courts
Vocabulary
Famous Supreme Court Cases
100
The principle of the Adversary System states that we live in a judicial system in which opposing _____________ present their best case.
What is lawyers?
100
This category of crime is punishable of a fine or a jail sentence up to one year.
What is a misdemeanor?
100
Name the 3 types of Federal Court:
What is District Court, Court of Appeals, and Supreme Court?
100
What is a Hung Jury?
What is when a jury is unable to reach a decision.
100
Which case involved a man suing the new Secretary of State for not delivering his commission?
What is Marbury v. Madison?
200
Principles in the 5th Amendment stating that the Government must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and other actions it takes against individuals
What is Due Process?
200
This is an agreement between two or more people that requires them to do ro not to do a particular thing:
What is a contract?
200
Which court(s) has Original Jurisdiction?
What is U.S. District Court AND Supreme Court?
200
A Preliminary examination to determine the competency of a juror, conducted through multiple interviews.
What is Voir Dire? (or jury selection)
200
Briefly explain what happened in McCulloch v. Maryland?
What is "the case of the National Bank" -- MD tried to tax them, then they refused. ****BONUS*****
300
The presumption that a person is innocent until proven guilty is the principle called: A. Equal Justice B. Presumption of Innocence C. Due Process D. Adversary System
What is B. Presumption of Innocence
300
What is it called when a person willingly pleads guilty to a crime in exchange for a lesser sentence? 90% of Criminal cases result in this.
What is Plea Bargaining?
300
Which two courts have Appellate Jurisdiction?
What is Court of Appeals and Supreme Court?
300
What is a Precedent? Give one example.
What is "a model in which you base later decisions on previous actions"
300
How were the outcomes of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education different? Explain.
What is They both resulted in different outcomes, setting different precedents. Plessy set the precedent of "separate but equal" while Linda Brown's case establisehd the full enforcement of the 14th amendment.
400
Name the two kinds of Due Process:
What is Substantive and Procedural?
400
Type of Civil law: Any wrongful act for which the injured person or people have a right to sue for damages in a civil court; also called NEGLIGENCE.
What is Tort?
400
This level of the federal court system has the most amount of courts nation wide. They
What is U.S. District Courts? ****Bonus****
400
Do not mix up the two types of juries! What is the role of a GRAND jury?
What is to simply decide if there is enough evidence to indict a suspect. There are usually 21-25 members. ****Bonus****
400
Name ONE of the three cases we learned about that dealt with a violation in Due Process:
What is Gideon v. Wainwright, Mapp v. Ohio, or Miranda v. Arizona
500
What is the goal of the principle, "Equal Justice?"
What is to treat all persons alike.
500
Just like in a criminal case, 90% of CIVIL cases end in a resolution without a trial. What is this called and/or explain what happens:
What is A settlement or Mediation? When the defendent is willing to "Settle" outside of court with X amount of money, and or cooperation.
500
If a case is Appealed in the Maryland State Court of Appeals, what happens to the case?
What is it is sent to the U.S. Supreme Court?
500
The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and government actions unconstitutional is called:
What is Judicial Review?
500
There were two cases specifically dealing with Student's Rights. Tinker vs. Des Moines, and New Jersey v. TLO. Pick one and give a brief synopsis of what happened.
What is Tinker: Three students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietname war, it limited student's rights in school. New Jersey: A 14 year old sued for violation of her 4th amendment right, though the principal had reasonable suspicion.
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