Panel of citizens that hear evidence of a possible crime and recommend whether the evidence is sufficient to file criminal charges.
What is grand juries?
100
A legal process by which citizens who cannon pay money they owe others can recieve court protection and assistance in settling their financial problems.
What is bankruptcy?
100
The list of case to be heard.
What is docket?
200
The concept that a judge should interpret the Constitution according to the Framers' original intentention.
What is judicial restraint?
200
When both state courts and federal courts have the right to hear a case.
What is concurrent jurisdiction?
200
District-court officials who are appointed for eight years and hear some of the early hearing sof criminal trials as well as ome misdemeanor and civil cases.
What is magistrate judges?
200
A minor criminal case punishable by one year or less of prison time.
What is misdemeanor?
200
Court opinions held by the minority of justices who do not agree with the ruling in a case.
What is dissenting opinion?
300
Previous Cout Rulings on a given legal question.
What is precedent?
300
The authority to hear and decide a case.
What is jurisdiction?
300
Lawyers provided to defendants who cannot afford to hire a lawyer.
What is public defenders?
300
Officials who provide security and police protection at federal courthouses.
What is marshals?
300
Court opinions that agree with the overall conclusion in a case but stress different or aditional legal reasoning.
What is concurring opinions?
400
A court's right to hear a case once it has been appealed from a lower court.
What is appellate jurisdiction?
400
The concept that judges can adapt the meaning of the Constitution to contemporary realities.
What is judicial activism?
400
A person who files an appeal to have their case reviewed by a court of appeals.
What is an appellant?
400
Written arguements.
What is brief?
400
A court opinion signed by at least five of the nine justices of the Supreme court.
What is majority opinion?
500
Tradition in which a senator from the same state as a judicial nominee and from the same political party as the president can blokc the nominee and expect no opposition from other senators.
What is senatorial courtesy?
500
A court's right to have heard a case simply because it was the first court to hear it.
What is original jurisdiction?
500
Principle that a sovereign nation is immune from being sued unless it agrees to be sued.
What is sovereign immunity?
500
Hearins held by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces to decide cases involving violation of teh Uniform Code of Military Justice.
What is courts-martial?
500
An order issued by the Supreme Court to review a lower court's decision.