Marshall Court
This case established Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison
The Court in this case extended federal admiralty jurisdiction to include all navigable waters, which in turn increased federal power
Genesee Chief v. Fitzhugh
The Court in this case held that granting a monopoly to a single slaughterhouse did not violate the privileges and immunities of other slaughterhouses. Justice Miller essentially read the Privileges & Immunities clause out of the Constitution in his opinion
The Slaughterhouse Cases
This case involved a suit brought concerning the safety of filled milk. Included Footnote 4, which discusses the need for a higher standard of scrutiny for cases involving Bill of Rights legislation, legislation that affects political processes, and legislation that affects insular minorities
US v. Carolene Products
The Court in this case held that all legislative districts must be as equal in population as possible
Sanders, Reynolds
This case determined that a national bank is constitutional, and that the states may not tax federal institutions.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The Court in this case overturned a Pennsylvania state law because it conflicted with the Federal Fugitive Slave Act, but suggested that Pennsylvania did not have to actively participate in capturing runaway slaves
Prigg v. Pennsylvania
The Court in this case upheld a state law outlawing African Americans on public transportation. This case produced the doctrine of "separate but equal"
Plessy v. Ferguson
This case upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act, allowing the federal government to set minimum wages and ban child labor under the commerce clause
US v. Darby Lumber
This case involved a man who published a manifesto calling for a communist revolution. The Court incorporated the 1st Amendment
Gitlow v. NY
This case issued a broad reading of the commerce clause, defining it to include "all commercial intercourse"
Gibbons v Ogden
The Court in this case declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and held that African Americans could not sue because they were not considered citizens under the Constitution
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The Court in this case held that a NY max hours law for bakers violated the Due Process clause of the 14th amendment as well as the Contracts Clause in Article I section 10
Lochner v. NY
The Court in this case held that segregation of elementary schools is inherently unequal and violated the equal protection clause
Brown v. Bd of Education
This case incorporated the 4th Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizure
Mapp v. Ohio
This case involved a dispute over land ownership in Virginia after the state passed a law that conflicted with a federal treaty. Established the right of the Court to overrule state laws if unconstitutional or in conflict with federal laws
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
In this case, the Maryland District Court held that it was unconstitutional for Lincoln to suspend the writ of habeas corpus without an act of Congress. Writs were granted to soldiers being held at Ft McHenry, but Lincoln disregarded them. Showed the weakness of the Judiciary without an enforcement system
Ex Parte Merryman
The Court in this case struck down the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, saying Congress could only regulate the distribution of goods under the commerce clause, not the manufacturing
US v. EC Knight
The Court held in this case that when looking to see if an activity is commercial in nature, one must consider its cumulative effect on the economy. Allowed the fed gov to regulate almost anything under commerce clause
Wickard v. Filburn
This case incorporated the right to counsel for indigents
Gideon v. Wainwright
The Court in this case chose not to incorporate the 5th Amendment's takings clause after a man's wharf was destroyed following city renovations
Barron v. Baltimore
The Court in this case held that states cannot relinquish their right to imminent domain so long as they provide just compensation. Involved the state taking over a private bridge and opening it as a public one
West River Bridge v. Dix
The Court in this case held that a VA statute allowing for the sterilization of females who were mentally deficient did not violate the Due Process clause
Buck v. Bell
The Court in this case held that apportionment cases could be brought under the equal protection clause. it was decided that Tennessee's drawing of districts violated equal protection
Baker v. Carr
The Court in this case chose not to incorporate Double Jeopardy because they felt it was not a fundamental enough right. Opinion included Cardozo's "Honor Roll" of rights
Palko v. CT