To petition a higher court to review a lower court decision.
What is to Appeal
100
The trial courts of the federal judicial system. They are the only federal courts where trials are held.
What are district courts.
100
A person who does not need specific training to become a judge in the U.S.
What is a state judge
100
The power of the courts to declare acts of the legislature and of the executive to be unconstitutional and, hence, null and void.
What is Judiciary Review
200
A legal document that presents arguments supporting a client's position in a case
What is a Brief
200
The second tier of the federal judicial system. They review decisions of the federal district courts.
What are Circuit Courts of Appeals
200
The five ways that a state judge is cosen
What are partisan elections, nonpartisan elections, gubernatorial appointments, legislative selections, and the Missouri Plan.
200
A law or rule that allows the plaintiff (the party that initiates the lawsuit) to collect its legal costs from the defendant if the defendant loses.
What is fee shifting
300
A court decision that serves to guide subsequent decisions in related cases.
What is a precedent
300
The third tier of the federal judiciary system and the most powerful in the world.
What is The Supreme Court
300
The President appoints these judges with the approval of the Senate.
What are Federal Judges
300
A legal concept establishing who is entitled to bring a lawsuit to court. For example, an individual must ordinarily show personal harm in order to acquire standing and be heard in court.
What is Standing
400
To rule against a lower court decision by virtue of a higher court's authority.
What is a reverse
400
In the Supreme Court, cases are won with
What is a clear majority
400
At the district court level, the way that a judge is selected is through his state's senator through
What is senatorial courtesy
400
A doctrine that a citizen cannot sue the government without its consent.
What is Sovereign Immunity
500
Literally "Let the decision stand," a principle of law that basis decisions on judicial precedent
What is Stare Decisis
500
In the Supreme Court, justices on the losing side issue
What is a dissenting opnion
500
Nominations in the court are very rare and are chosen by the President with the approval of the Senate.
What are Supreme Court Nominations
500
In the Circuit Courts, they do not hold trials but only hear appeals from the district courts in their circuit, this is called