Topic 1-2
What are some problems that we have involving heat?
-Too much heat while cooking burns the food
-Causes fires
Energy is the measure of the ability to do something or cause changes.
Define heat insulators.
Poor conductors of heat.
Define solar energy.
Energy from the Sun.
Define refrigerants.
Liquids that evaporate easily at low temperatures.
Who invented the Kelvin scale?
William Thomson (also known as Lord Kelvin).
What indicates the average speed of particle motion in a substance?
Temperature.
Define thermal conduction.
The process of transferring thermal energy through direct collisions.
Define fossil fuels.
Chemicals from plants and other organisms that died and decomposed millions of years ago and have been preserved deep underground.
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
The first symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning begin with dizziness and confusion. It hinders the brain's reasoning ability so you usually don't know you are being affected.
What is the normal body temperature for the average human being?
37°C.
The particles are so tiny that they can only be observed in large groups.
What is it called when an energy change is hidden from thermometers?
Hidden heat or latent heat.
What is passive solar heating and what is active solar heating?
Passive solar heating uses the materials in structure to absorb, store, and release solar energy.
Active solar heating used mechanical devices to distribute stored thermal energy.
What is a thermal energy mover?
A device that transfers thermal energy from one location to another at a different temperature.
What is the temperature for absolute zero?
-273.15°C
What happens when a liquid is cooled? What happens when a liquid is heated up?
When a liquid is cooled the particles move slower as the temp. decreases, it loses thermal energy and contracts.
When a liquid is heated up the particles move faster as the temp. increases, it gains thermal energy and expands.
What are the six changes of state?
solid to liquid=melting (fusion), solid to gas=sublimation, liquid to solid=freezing (solidification), liquid to gas=evaporation, gas to solid=sublimation, gas to liquid=condensation
What is one way of producing electrical energy?
Hydro-electric dams.
Forest fires, burns from touching hot objects, causes environmental damage.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a thermocouple instead of a lab thermometer?
Thermocouples can measure higher temperatures than regular lab thermometers. However, thermocouple can't measure low temperatures accurately.
What is the particle model of matter?
All substances are made up of particles too tiny to be seen. The particles are always moving. There is always space between the particles. The motion of the particles increases as the temp. increases, the motion of the particles decreases as the temp. decreases.
What are the five features of energy transfer systems?
Energy sources, direction of energy transfer, energy transformations, waste heat, control systems.
What is one problem involves with using fossil fuels?
Our use of fossil fuels is increasing greatly, which means that we are running out of fossil fuels.
Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide. Heat from Earth is unable to escape because it is trapped by greenhouse gases, which is largely carbon dioxide.
Why is sulfur dioxide dangerous?
It is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. People with asthma suffer greatly from this.