Pano Basics
Pano Alignment
Film Errors
Film Development
T/F Radiation Basics
100
The Xray source will circle behind patient’s head this way:
What is counterclockwise
100
If the patient is not standing or sitting with the spine straight, the cervical spine appears this color
What is radiopaque (light in color)
100
This error appears as a straight black border on a film
What is fixer cut off (due to low level of fixer solution)
100
The first step in manual film processing
What is fixation
100
(T/F) If kilo voltage is decreased with no other variations in exposure factors, the image will appear lighter.
True
200
The result of component rotation
What is focal trough
200
If the anterior teeth are too far forward on the bite block, the teeth appear distorted this way.
What is skinny
200
This error appears as a straight white border on a film
What is a developer cut off
200
This solution is added to the processing solution to compensate for the effects of oxidation.
What is replenisher
200
(T/F) Somatic effects appear in the exposed animal, but not future generations.
True
300
The focal trough is clearest near this part of the image.
What is midline
300
This plane must be perpendicular to the floor
What is the midsagittal plane
300
This error appears as a grey image that lacks detail and contrast
What is fogged films
300
The *** agent, preservative, hardening agent and acidifier the ingredients in this solution.
What is the fixer solution
300
(T/F) Noncritical organs includes skin, thyroid gland, lens of the eye and bone marrow
False. These are critical organs.
400
Flat smile line, Radiopaque appearance of hard palate superimposed over apices of maxillary teeth are all signs of this plane not being aligned
What is Frankfurt plane
400
A shadow appears on the panoramic image on this area if the tongue is not in contact with the palate during exposure.
What is the apices of maxillary teeth
400
This error appears as black crescent shaped marks on the film.
What is fingernail artefact
400
The minimal distance the safe light from the image.
What is at least four feet
400
(T/F) The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by miotic activity, cell differentiation and cell metabolism.
True
500
Two final patient instructions before exposure
What is swallow and raise and hold the tongue flat against the roof of the mouth
500
Ghost images are enlarged and appear on this side of the radiograph (in relation to the original metal object)
What is on the opposite side of the original metal object
500
This error appears as thin white lines on the image
What are scratches
500
The film can appear dark if this solution is too hot
What is the developing solution
500
(T/F) The KVP range for most dental x-ray machines are 50-60 KVP
False, 65 to 100 KVP
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