These regulate the respiratory rate according to the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
What are Chemoreceptors (slides in yellow)
100
The collapse of alveoli, preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
What is Atelectasis (pg 1646)
100
In order to decrease the risk of an air embolism during a chest tube removal, the patient is instructed to take this action during the removal.
What is the Valsalva Maneuver and bear down (slides in yellow)
100
Characterized by a recurrent or chronic productive cough for a minimum of 3 months/year for at least 2 years. It is caused by physical or chemical irritants and recurrent lung infections. Cigarette smoking is by far the most common cause of this.
What is Chronic bronchitis (page 1660)
100
With this, the patient can lose up to a liter of blood. It is important to check this because of risk of hypo-tension due to blood loss.
What is epistaxis, blood pressure.
200
Studies have shown that if you don't position a pneumonia patient in this way, hypoxia worsens.
What is "good lung down" (slides in yellow)
200
Asthma from internal causes, often triggered by respiratory tract infection.
What is Intrinsic
200
Video Assisted Thorascopic Surgery (VATS) allow surgeons to remove a tumor through this type of incision in the chest cavity.
What is a small keyhole (slides in yellow and page 1650)
200
The process of an asthma attack goes like this...
What is 1. Allergen exposure 2. Inflammation 3. Histamine released 4. Edema and mucous increase in bronchioles 5. Narrowing of the airways. (slides)
200
The leading test to detect a pulmonary embolism is this.
What is a pulmonary angiogram (slides in yeller)
300
An accumulation of serous fluid in interstitial lung tissue and alveoli resulting from several factors, some include: severe left ventricular failure, left-sided heart failure, opioid overdose, inhaled toxins.
What is Pulmonary edema (page 1652)
300
An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably.
What is Orthopnea
300
It is important that a COPD patient receive this without overdoing it because it can affect the chemoreceptors and cause the patient to stop breathing
What is low-flow oxygen limit to 1-2L via nasal cannula (slides in yellow)
300
Some risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) include these.
What are, male gender, older age, obesity, nasal conditions, receding chin, pharyngeal structural abnormalities. (page 1621)
300
When a patient undergoes this, they lose their sense of smell and taste.
What is total laryngectomy (slides in yellow)
400
This is a late complication of emphysema where the right ventricle of the heart develops hypertrophy from hypertension of the pulmonary circulation. Results in edema of the lower extremities and in the sacral and perineal area, distended neck veins, and enlargement of the liver with ascities.
What is Cor pulmonale (slides in yellow and page 1658)
400
What are the four terms that describes abnormal breath sounds and their meanings?
What are Sibilant wheezes-musical, high-pitched as air moves through narrow bronchioles. Sonorous wheezes- low-pitched, loud, snoring sounds. Crackles- crackling or bubbling sounds. Pleural friction rubs- low-pitched, rating or creaking sounds as pleural surfaces rub together.
400
A pulmonary function test (PFT) that measures the largest amount of air that can be inhaled in one breath from the resting expiratory level.
What is inspiratory capacity (slides in yellow)
400
As pleural effusion develops, the fluid becomes stagnant and could lead to infection, this infected fluid is referred to as this.
What is empyema (slides)
400
The sputum analysis for a patient with Tuberculosis is screened for the presence of this.
What is acid-fast organisms (slides in yellow)
500
This is a severe, unrelenting, life threatening asthma attack that fails to respond to usual treatment and is a risk for respiratory failure.
What is status asthmaticus (page 1663)
500
Aka actute rhinitis which is aka the common cold. An inflammatory condition of the mucous membranes of the nose and accessory sinuses.
What is coryza
500
This diagnostic examination allows for biopsy of the lymph node via and endoscopic procedure.
What is Mediastinoscopy (slides in yellow)
500
People with alcoholism have an increased danger of aspiration, because of that they are at risk for this.
What is pneumonia
500
During respiratory acidosis, what would the pH and the CO2 look like and how do the kidneys respond to this imbalance?
What is the pH would be less than 7.35 and the CO2 would be greater than 45. The kidneys would compensate by retaining increased amounts of bicarbonate HCO3 to increase the Ph.