Confucianism
What teaching of Christ comes closest to a teaching among the Confucians?
Do unto others what you would have them do unto you.
"In everything, do unto others what you would have them do to you. Do not impose on others what you do not want for yourself. No one of you is a believer until you desire for another that which you desire for yourself."
What is the only thing anyone controls, according to the Stoics?
our will
What is being decribed as Logos in the gospel?
Jesus Christ
In biblical scholarship, this refers to the way Israel’s prophets criticized their own society, leaders, and religious institutions in light of God’s covenantal standards of justice and righteousness. What is this called?
the Prophetic Critique
To the Stoics, all of the cosmos (universe) is divinely kept, shaped, ordered, dictated according to this concept. What is this Greek concept called?
Logos
In China, the emperor became the link between Heaven and Earth. As a representative of Heaven, the emperor was expected to rule according to the proper “Way”. To challenge him was to challege the divine. What is this concept called?
the Mandate of Heaven
Because logos governs all existence, it also functions as a universal law binding gods and humans alike. What type of Logos is this describing?
Ethical Logos
According to Cicero, if justice precedes all written law codes, if justice is not chageable, if justice is not local, where does Justice come from?
From the divine reason or logos of the universe
For the prophets, justice and righteousness were two sides of the same coin. However, one speaks of the person's devotion to Yahweh's divine order, while the other speaks of God's right order in society as a whole. Which is which?
Justice: God’s right ordering of society as a whole
Righteousness: the person's devotion to Yahweh's divine order
For Confucius, people do not do “bad things” because they are bad, but because they are ignorant, and do not know how else to respond to their trauma - resulting in terrible behavior. They don't need condemnation and punishment, they need this instead. What is it?
Education
This is the closest Confucian concept to “justice.” Like Jesus and the Prophets, this is about doing what is morally right, not just what is legally required. What is this concept called?
Yi
What does it mean for a Stoic to practice sympathy?
To live/accept whatever nature, logos, and the cosmos gives to us. To live in accordance with nature.
Cicero taught: Logos governs all. The logos that governs the cosmos becomes our political philosophy, the moral law that governs human society.
What is this concept called?
Natural Law
According to Micah 6:8, what are the three things God requires of you?
Do justice
Love mercy
Walk humbly with God
Cosmic Logos
Human Logos
Ethical Logos
This concept is often translated as “humaneness,” “benevolence,” or “goodness.” It is a concept that wishes others to be successful when desiring their own success. It is a justice and care that begins by extending one’s own humanity to others.
Ren
Stoics believed only physical things truly exist. This includes God, the soul, or logos: in their view, this means everything has some kind of material substance. What is this concept called?
Corporealists
Saint Thomas Aquinas taught: This is God’s rational plan for the universe, or the divine logos.
Eternal Law
(lex aeterna)
Why does the Prophetic Critique not agree with "strict obedience" when speaking about God's Law, like Deuteronomy 28 teaches?
because the Prophetic Critique came first from the 8th-6th century BCE
while the Torah wasn't completed until the 5th-4th century BCE
What is the Religion God hates?
the type of religion that does all the correct things, but ignores justice, mercy, or compassion for others in society.
This concept is the embodiment of moral values in patterned behavior. These will range from grand rituals to everyday gestures. It is not to be understood as mechanical, but accomplished in a love for others in our relationships. What is this concept?
Li
Stoics are to realize all rational beings are citizens of one universal community. They reject tribalism because all humans participate with Logos. What is this concept called?
Cosmopolitan or Universalism
According to Aquinas, participation in divine logos is a chain that becomes embodied in daily life. What are the four layers that lead us to every moral or legal judgment within divine reason?
1. Eternal Law
2. Natural Law
3. Human Law
4. Daily Action
The prophetic critique is the ethical conscience of the Hebrew Bible. Its view on justice is not abstract or procedural but deeply related to these three concepts. What are the three?
the Critique is relational, compassionate, and restorative.
What does it mean for Justice to be a virtue?
It means justice is not about law code, or rules, but a real character of the person. It means justice is genuine and authentic, and not because anyone tells you to do it.