Red
Defined as any attempt to thwart youths’ illegal behavior before it occurs
Delinquency prevention
The part of the brain that is responsible for self-control, effective judgment, and sensible planning
Frontal Cortex
This is similar to the adult judge model, except that a youth serves as the judge
Youth judge
When social programs are based on research evidence showing that they work, they are said to be
evidence-based
Juveniles in the child welfare system often enter the juvenile justice system
Crossover Youth
These are known as teen courts, peer courts, or student courts, are juvenile justice programs in which youths are sentenced by their peers.
Youth courts
An act committed by a minor that violates the penal code of the government with authority over the area in which the act occurs.
juvenile delinquency
A case is presented to a youth jury by a youth or adult
Peer jury
Juvenile Courts may intervene when:
–A youth has been accused of committing an act that would be a misdemeanor or felony if committed by an adult.
–A juvenile commits certain status offenses.
–Cases involve dependency and neglect.
Incorrigibility at home (incapable of being corrected)
Ungovernability at school
Running away from home
Truancy
Smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco
Drinking alcohol
Status Offenses
These programs provide an alternative means for dealing with the case and are usually operated by the police or the courts
Diversion
People born after the turn of the twenty-first century
Selfie-Generation
Youth attorneys present the case to a panel of three youth judges
Tribunal
Juvenile court codes specify the court has jurisdiction in relation to three categories of conditions:
–Delinquency
–Dependency
–Neglect
Offenses that would not be defined as criminal if adults committed them
Status Offenses
Voluntary diversionary programs, which address the needs of children with mental health needs.
Juvenile mental health courts
Three different levels of delinquency prevention have been identified as:
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
An adult serves as judge and rules on legal terminology and courtroom procedures
Adult judge
Three Criteria for Juvenile Delinquency
The young person charged with committing the act is below the age at which the criminal court traditionally assumes jurisdiction.
The act involved would be a criminal offense if it were committed by an adult.
The juvenile is charged with an offense that must be adjudicated in the juvenile court
A legal term first used as law in 1899 when Illinois passed the first statute pertaining to delinquent behavior among juveniles.
Delinquency
A comprehensive way of thinking about adolescents
Positive Youth Development
–Multi-systemic Therapy
–Project Toward No Drug Abuse
–Life Skills Training
–Big Brothers Big Sisters of America
–Bully Prevention Program
–Functional Family Therapy
Promising prevention programs
The four possible case-processing models are used by juvenile courts
Adult Judge
Youth Judge
Tribunal
Peer Jury
Juvenile court doctrine of treating juveniles more leniently (not fully responsible).
Parens Patriae
"High-risk" youths are defined as having the most negative or problem-oriented factors in their lives, what are they:
–Socialized in economically stressed families.
–Histories of physical abuse and sexual victimization.
–Educational and vocational skill deficits.
–Prone to alcohol/drug abuse and delinquency.