Which 2055 court case stated that it is illegal to execute an individual who commits a crime under the age of 18?
What is Roper v. Simmons
100
individual with the traits of impulsivity, lack of remorse and shame, and manipulativeness?
What is a sociopath
100
Accroding to Shaw and McKay, which "zone" is considered heavy in crime and deviance?
What is III Zone of Transition
100
True or False: The United States has always had a compulsory education system.
What is False! This did not start until after the 1930s
200
Behaviors that would NOT be offenses when engaged in by adults are called ________.
What is status offenses
200
Under parens patriae, the ________ assumed the parental role over juvenile lawbreaker.
What is state/government
200
According to the principles of the __________ ________, juveniles who commit serious crimes or continue to break the law are presumed to deserve punishment rather than treatment, as they know what they are doing.
What is classical school
200
What term did Albert K. Cohen use to describe lower-class youths who were unable to attain middle-class goals?
What is status frustration
200
Sam is trying to save up money for a new car. Her parents are unable to help her due to her father not working. Sam decides to apply for job and save her money. Which mode of adaptation is Sam displaying?
What is comformity
300
An act committed by a minor that violates the penal code of the government with authority over the area in which the act occurs
What is juvenile delinquent
300
Which state created the first juvenile court?
What is Illinios
300
The presence of motivated offenders, an absence of guardians, and the availability of suitable targets is the mainstay of which approach.
What is routine activities
300
What term did Emile Durkheim use to describe the normlessness that resulted from society’s failure to provide adequate regulation of its members?
What is anomie
300
True or False: A large number of juveniles who self-report an arrest history have no official history of arrest
What is True. Only about 45% are petitioned. Thats if you compare the police reports which the self-reporting
400
___________ __________ _____________ annuals are often criticized, much like UCRs, for only measuring crimes that are brought to the attention of the court
What is Juvenile Court Statistics
400
True or False: Every state defines the age for defendants in the juvenile court?
What is True! Start as low as 15 years old
400
A philosophical position that suggests that individuals are driven into delinquent or criminal behavior by biological or psychological traits that are beyond their control
What is Determinism
400
According to Robert Merton, when adolescents accept the cultural goal but reject the institutional means of attaining it, they may pursue other illegitimate paths in a stage of adaptation called ________.
What is Innovation
400
The ________ context influences local and national policy decisions that deal with youth crime.
What is political
500
The frequency of offending or the number of delinquent events
What is incidence of delinquency
500
An institution that was defined by 18th and 19th century reformers to provide an orderly, disciplined environment similar to that of the "ideal" Puritan family. These children were usually orphans or deemed "unruly"
What is House of Refuge
500
A born criminal is an individual who is ______, who reverts to an early evolutionary level and who is unable to conform his or her behavior to the requirements of modern society.
What is atavistic
500
A theory wherein delinquent behavior is viewed as an expression of conformity to cultural values and norms that are in opposition to those of the larger U.S. society