Court Processes
In the ___ case, the Supreme Court decided that juveniles are not entitled to a jury trial.
McKeiver v Pennsylvania (1971)
The Supreme Court said the waiver hearing had to precede the trial, it can not follow a juvenile delinquency hearing.
Breed v. Jones 1975
In an case in the state of ______ the Supreme Court determined execution of youth under the age of 16 is not consistent with ‘evolving standards of decency.’
OK (Thompson v OK1988)
The Supreme Court found that because _______ was not in custody thus Miranda did not apply. And, further, that the state court was not required to consider his age and inexperience in the justice system to determine whether his statement was voluntary.
Alvarado (Yarborough v Alvarado 2004)
The study by Grisso (1998) found that only 10% of juveniles elected not to _____ their right to counsel.
waive
The potential of loss of liberty following an adjudication of delinquency required the evidentiary standard of “proof beyond a reasonable doubt."
In Re Winship 1970
Juveniles are entitled to have a lawyer present for a hearing to determine whether a case should be waived to adult court.
Kent v. US 1966
In two cases which were heard in ____ (year) the Supreme Court found that it is not cruel and unusual punishment to execute juvenile who are 16 or 17
1989
Under review by the Supreme Court, this decision was overturned on the basis of ___ age and understanding when he was questioned by the police in school.
JBD (JBD v North Carolina 2011)
In Breed v. Jones (421 U.S. 519, 1975), the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Fifth Amendment’s prohibition against _______ precludes criminal prosecution of a juvenile subsequent to proceedings in juvenile court involving the same act
double jeopardy
The decision of Winship to raise the standard of proof in juvenile cases was to be applied retrospectively to all cases that were in the appeals process.
Ivan v City of New York 1972
The _______ has to provide a statement of the reasons why the juvenile case is waived the juvenile to adult criminal court.
Judge
In the ________ case the Supreme Court prohibited the death penalty as a sanction for any crime committed while a person is under the age of 18.
Roper v Simmons (2005)
Reasonableness
Refers to a constitutionally prescribed procedure that must be followed before a person may be deprived of life, liberty, or property.
Procedural Due Process
In the case of _________ the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the preventive detention of juveniles.
Schall v. Martin 1984
Some states allow prosecutors to determine whether a case will be heard in juvenile or adult court this is called ___________.
Direct file
What is one reason that the Supreme Court gave in their decision to outlaw the death penalty for juveniles?
School officials must have a “_________” before conducting a search.
reasonable suspicion
The ___ Amendment to the constitution provides for the right “against unreasonable searches and seizures”.
4th
Following the changes that resulted from court decisions in the due process era the focus of the juvenile system changed from the _________ to protection from the system's mistreatment and abuses.
the best interest of children
The issue of concurrent or exclusive jurisdiction of the juvenile court is generally determined by the ______ and specifically stated in the state’s Juvenile Court Act
state legislature
This case prohibited the sentence of Life Without the Possibility of Parole for Juveniles
Miller v. Alabama (2012)
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures does apply to school officials; but they do not need to obtain a warrant as long as the search was reasonable in light of educational objectives
New Jersey v TLO 1985
What constitutional right is not afforded to juveniles?
A jury of their peers.