What is the root of the American Juvenile Justice System.
100
Ex Parte Crouse
In 1839, a decision on this case gave juvenile authorities considerable power over parents in the management and control of their own children
100
Another term for arrest
What is taken into custody
100
Kent v. United States
It is through this case in which the Supreme Court decided that basic due process rights were essential before a youth could be transferred from juvenile court jurisdiction (1966)
200
Houses of Refuge
Juvenile institutions, the first of which was established in 1825 as a means of separating juveniles from the adult correctional process.
200
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
What is the deinstitutionalization of status offenders and non-offenders, as well as the separation of juvenile delinquents from adult offenders
200
Status Offense
What is any act that is committed by a minor that would not be a crime if committed by an adult (truancy, curfew, runaway, injurious behavior, etc.)
200
In re Gault
It is through this case in which the Supreme Court applied more stringent standards to juvenile court decision making (1967)
300
Cook County, Illinois
The first juvenile court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899
300
Get-Tough Movement
The Get-Tough Movement emphasizes swifter, harsher, and more certain justice and punishment than the original rehabilitative philosophy of the American Juvenile Justice System
300
Juvenile delinquent
What is anyone who, under the age of majority has committed one or more acts that would be crimes if committed by adults
300
In re Winship
It is through this case in which the Supreme Court decided that if any juvenile is in jeopardy of losing his or her liberty as a result of a delinquency adjudication by a juvenile court judge, then the evidentiary standard must be the criminal court standard of beyond a reasonable doubt
400
parens patriae
What is the legal doctrine that allows the state to oversee the welfare of a youth
400
Education and Treatment
Early juvenile reform schools were intended for education and treatment, not punishment.
400
Adjudication
What is the judgment or action on a petition filed with the juvenile court.
400
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
A Supreme Court ruling which stated that juveniles are not entitled to a jury trial as a matter of right (1971)
500
Child-Savers Movement
What is a group of philanthropists, professionals, and middle class citizens who pushed for state intervention to save at-risk youths through shelter care, and educational programs
500
Key differences between the juvenile and adult systems
What is limited jurisdiction (usually up to the age of 18); informal proceedings; focus on offenders not offenses; indeterminate sentences; confidentiality; terminologies
500
Disposition
What is sanctions resulting from a delinquency adjudication. (the equivalent of the adult term sentencing)
500
Breed v. Jones
This Supreme Court decision provided juveniles with the protections of the Fifth Amendment against double jeopardy.