Wealthy, civic minded citizens who were concerned with the welfare of disadvantaged children in the early 1800's
Who were the child savers?
100
Behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain age such as smoking, disobeying parents and curfew violation
What is a status offense?
100
Removing a case involving a juvenile to adult court
What is a transfer?
100
The process by which adolescents commits fewer crimes as they grow older
What is "aging out"?
100
Three or more
What is the minimum number to be considered a gang?
200
The Latin term means that the State stands in the role of parent to the wayward child, a role involving guidance more than mere punishment
What is parens patriae
200
A violation of criminal law committed by a juvenile
What is a delinquent act?
200
The minimum age in Arizona for trying a juvenile as an adult
What is fourteen?
200
Employment, marriage or other investment in a responsible life prompt one to stop committing crimes
What is "desistance"?
200
Clothing, vocabulary, hand signals and names
How does a gang identify itself?
300
Established in 1899, its approach to children included no juries, different terminology, the absence of an adversarial relationship, and confidentiality of the proceedings
What was the Illinois Juvenile Court?
300
A custodial facility for children equivalent to an adut jail
What is juvenile detention?
300
The ruling that ended the death penalty for juvenile murderers
What is Roper v. Simmons (2005)
300
This factor correlates strongly with predicting a life of crime and violence
What is age of onset?
300
The "seduction of crime" factor that can draw one to joimn a gang
What is excitement (or thrill)?
400
New York's institution for children opend in 1825 and emphasizing hard study and labor
What was the House of Refuge?
400
A legal proceeding to determine if a delinquent act has been committed
What is an Adjudication Hearing?
400
The Arizona case that ended informality and paternalism in juvenile court and granted juvenile most adult rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments
What is In Re Gault (1967)?
400
Ninety-four percent of juvenile in detention have his in common
What is substance abuse?
400
An identifier associated with some gangs as a tribute to the Mexican Mafia prison gang
What is 13?
500
Conduct that be considered criminal if committed by an adult but not if committed by a person under 18 years old
What is juvenile delinquency?
500
Custodial detention of a juvenile by a law enforcement officer
What is a Referral?
500
This decision raised the burden of proof in juvenile proceedings from "preponderance of the evidence" to "beyond a reasonable doubt"
What is In Re Winship (1970)
500
A once popular but no longer a valid explanation for violent youthful behavior
What is video game/TV/Movie violence?
500
Formed by children of El Salvadoran immigrants who fled their country in the 1980s to protect themselves from established Los Angeles gangs
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