SCOTUS
This case ruled that the Constitution does not require a jury trial for juveniles at the adjudication phase
What is McKeiver v. Pennsylvania?
This case ruled that a juvenile adjudication is the same as an adult criminal trial in terms of double jeopardy
What is Breed v. Jones?
This is the term for behavior resulting from society’s response to deviant behavior
What is secondary deviance?
This ideas of delinquency has a “best aspect” of linking juvenile delinquency to parental care and supervision
What are delinquents as dependent and neglected children?
These two perceptions that change as the cycle moves from policy to policy
What are the idea of juvenile delinquency and the idea of juvenile justice
This case questioned whether a sentencer needs to make a separate factual finding of permanent incorrigibility to sentence a juvenile to life without the possibility of parole
What is Jones v. Mississippi?
This case ruled that it was unconstitutional to sentence minors to the death penalty because scientific research has shown that they are fundamentally different than adults
What is Roper v. Simmons?
This goal of punishment is focused on individual offenders learning first-hand that crime is bad and they shouldn’t do it again
What is specific deterrence?
This idea of delinquency has a “worst aspect” wherein delinquents could be reformed through placement in institutions
What are delinquents as potential paupers?
The lesson learned from this reform was that because it occurred outside the normal cycle of juvenile justice and did not increase the power of the state, adjudication hearing reforms largely did not take hold
What are adjudication hearing reforms?
This case ruled that juveniles have the right to counsel at an adjudication hearing where they may be sent to an institution
What is In Re Gault?
This case ruled that a juvenile adjudication is the same as an adult criminal trial in terms of double jeopardy
What is Breed v. Jones?
This theory found that people’s lifestyles affect their chances of being victimized
What is routine activities theory?
This idea of delinquency has a “best aspect” wherein children are not hardened, they are still developing
What is what is delinquents as potential paupers?
This idea perpetuates the cycle of juvenile justice: juvenile crime is ________
What is exceptionally high?
This case ruled that juvenile adjudication hearings should use the same “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard that adult criminal trials do
What is In Re Winship?
This case ruled that the principle of parens patriae meant that juveniles could be held in a House of Refuge if their parents were not up to caring for them, even if that juvenile had not committed a crime
What is the Mary Ann Crouse case?
This theory suggests that crime is a product of social interaction; you learn how to do it from others
What is differential association theory?
This idea of delinquency has a “worst aspect” wherein delinquents do not need due process rights
What are delinquents as dependent and neglected children?
This idea perpetuates the cycle of juvenile justice: present juvenile justice policies ________
What is make the problem of juvenile crime worse?
This case ruled that it was in fact constitutional to execute someone who was 16- or 17-years-old at the time of their crime
What is Stanford v. Kentucky?
This case ruled that a juvenile could not be held in a House of Refuge if they had not committed a crime, as that was a punishment, even if it was intended as help
What is the Daniel O'Connell case?
This theory suggests that law is a tool of the capitalist elite used to subjugate the masses
What is Marxism?
This idea of delinquency has a “worst aspect” wherein it is not ensured that delinquents get treatment in the disposition phase
What is delinquents as hardened criminals?
This idea perpetuates the cycle of juvenile justice: ________ will reduce juvenile crime
What is changing juvenile justice policies?