Terminology
18
Age of majority in most jurisdictions
The sentencing of a juvenile found delinquent
Disposition
Students do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
A child who lacks adequate parental care because of the faults or habits of the child's parents, guardian, or custodian
What is a Neglected child
Any child of compulsory school age who is absent without legitimate excuse for: (1) 30 or more consecutive hours, (2) 42 or more hours in one school month, OR (3) 72 or more hours in a school year
What is a habitual truant
The state as a parent
Parens patriae
Presumption that children between the ages of seven and fourteen lack criminal responsibility and children under seven should be immune from criminal liability
Infancy defense
This case held juveniles who risk incarceration in state correction facilities if found to be delinquent are constitutionally entitled to certain rights in the adjudication proceedings
In re Gault
Any child who exhibits evidence of any physical or mental injury or death, inflicted other than by accidental means, or an injury or death which is at variance with the history given of it.
An abused child
Contributing to the unruliness of a child
Status offenses
**The legal issue of whether a school resource officer who talks to a juvenile detained at school about a possible bomb threat and obtains a confession during their discussions**
what is custodial interrogation or an agent of law enforcement
To meet its substantive obligation under the IDEA, a school must offer an IEP reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of the child's circumstances.
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District
Any child whose condition or environment is such as to warrant the state, in the interests of the child, in assuming the child's guardianship
A dependent child
The basis for protecting the expression of expressing certain views even when applied in light of the special characteristics of the school environment
The First Amendment
Someone appointed by the court to advocate for the best interests of an abused, neglected, or dependent child
CASA or GAL
(1) the child's age and mental and physical condition; (2) the child's prior juvenile record; (3) previous efforts to rehabilitate the child; (4) the child's family environment; (5) the child's school record; and (6) the specific facts of the offense for which probable cause was found.
Bindover or Waiver
This case is about how schools address the bad days.
What is the Petitioner Brief in Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
**Punishable corporal punishment or other physical disciplinary measures in Ohio that amounts to child abuse**
what is punishment, discipline, or restraint is excessive under the circumstances and creates a substantial risk of serious physical harm to the child
One of the main reasons for the detention of juveniles in the Michigan juvenile court system
Technical violations of probation or status offenses
Adjudication
Studies have shown there is a strong likelihood that juveniles who have substance abuse issues may also suffer from
mental health disorder
**Whether states may sentence a juvenile convicted of murder to life without parole, without finding that they are so incorrigible that there is no hope for their rehabilitation**
Jones v. Mississippi
(1) the interaction of the child with the parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers; (2) the wishes of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; (4) the child's need for a legally secure permanent placement; etc...
The best interests of the child
The means by which special education and related services are tailored to the unique needs of a particular child under the IDEA
IEP