Labs
Most common type of lab
Nonhospital
Most common exposure
Needlestick
describe newborn punctures
Tests 24 hours after delivery on special filter paper, heelstick less than 2 mm deep, circles must be saturated with only one drop of blood on one side of the paper, allowed to dry for 2 hours, first drop wiped off
possible complications of venipuncture
Hematoma (most common)
Infection
Severe pain
Order of draw
1 Yellow sterile (blood cultures)
2 Light blue (coagulation hemostasis testing MUST FILL TUBE VOLUME)
3 Red (Glass/Plastic) Gold Red-Gray (clot tubes)
4 Green or Light Green (Heprine, fixatropic gel)
5 Lavender or Pink (EDTA)
6 Gray (can affect electrolite and enzyme tests)
What lab is concerned with epidemiology
Federal CDC
What is the difference between universal and standard precautions?
Standard precautions are more comprehensive applies to all blood, body fluids, organs...pts.
Universal is only treating human blood and body fluids with visible human blood as infectious
Function of circulatory system
transportation of oxygen, nutrients, heat, waste, and hormones
Anticubital fossa veins of choice
1st Medical Cubital
2nd Cephalic
3rd Basilic
Type of specimen used in immunology
serum
Regulates all labs and classifies
CLIA '88
First method of antisepsis
70% isopropyl alcohol
Components of circulatory system
heart
arteries
veins
capillaries
blood
lymph
Where to draw if the pt has an IV
Have the nurse turn off the IV, wait, and draw below the site
Common chemistry test
TDM
Glucose
BAC
LDH
ALT
Two major areas in the laboratory
Anatomical
Clinical
Types of transmission based precautions
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Perpheral blood smear describe the wedge method
Drop spread over most of the slide without touching the ends or sides, no irregularity, thicker at drop end, monolayer near feathered edge (viewing), drop near frosted end, EDTA venous blood preferred
Why use a syringe
pt with small fragile veins
able to control the vacuum
What department tests FDP
coagulation
Types of lab certifications
Waived
Registration
Compliance
Accreditation
PPM
Cycle of pathogen transmission
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Layers of vascular anatomy and their components
Tunica Adventita (externia) - outer layers connective tissue composed of collagen
Tunica Media - thick middle layer smooth muscle elastic tissue collagen controls vessel diameter
Tunica Intima (interna) - inner layers tightly packed epithelial cells
Why is providone iodine not used in dermal punctures?
Bilirubin Uric acid
Phosphorus
Potassium
Tan and pearl white tube
Tan chemistry, lead testing, heparin, plasma
Pearl white EDTA, gel, viral load, molecular diagnostic techniques