Diet Therapy 1
Diet Therapy 2
Diet Therapy 3
Exercise Therapy
Surgical Management
100
Foods we eat generally fall into these 3 categories:
What is carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
100
Dietary fat and cholesterol intake for people with diabetes need to be limited. Some types of fats are very bad and raise the "bad cholesterol"- LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Which type of fat is the worst for you?
What is Trans Fats (Trans Fatty Acids) Examples: - Processed foods like crackers and chips, muffins, cookies, cakes - Stick margarines - Shortening - Many fast food items like French fries
100
For diabetics, these foods are defined as one that has fewer than 20 calories and 5 grams of carbohydrate in a serving, such as: Diet sodas and beverages 1 cup raw vegetables 1/4 cup salsa sugar-free gelatin 1 tablespoon ketchup herbs, spices, seasonings
What is free foods
100
TRUE OR FALSE: Regular physical activity is an essential part of diabetic management.
What is TRUE Benefits carbohydrate metabolism
100
The surgical management (intervention) for diabetes include the transplantation of this organ
What is the pancreas Transplant is considered when patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease who have had or plan to have a kidney transplant. Normal blood glucose levels after a pancreas transplantation improve kidney graft survival Pancreas transplant survival is better when performed at the time of kidney transplant
200
45%-65% of calories from our diet should come from foods such as fruit, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat milk. These are what type of food?
What is carbohydrates
200
The American Diabetic Association recognizes that there are "good" or "healthy" fats in our diets. What are the "good fats" called?
What is Monounsaturated Fats (avocados, canola oil, almonds, cashews, olive oil, peanut butter, sesame seeds)- can lower LDL cholesterol Polyunsaturaed Fats (walnuts, pumpkin seeds, soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil) Omega-3 Fatty Acids (albacore tuna, herring, mackerel, sardines, salmon)
200
TRUE OR FALSE: The American Diabetic Association recommends complete abstinence of alcohol consumption in a diabetic's diet
What is FALSE Recommendations: Levels of blood glucose are not affected by moderate use of alcohol when diabetes is well controlled 2 alcoholic beverages for men, 1 alcoholic beverage for women can be consumed in addition to the usual meal plan
200
TRUE OR FALSE: With type 1 diabetes, it is very important to balance your insulin doses with the food you eat and the activity that you do – even if you are just doing house or yard work.
What is TRUE Plan ahead to ensure blood glucose levels do not go too high or too low
200
TRUE OR FALSE: Pancreas transplants use cadaver donors using a total pancreas. The recipient's pancreas is left in place and the donated pancreas is placed in the pelvis.
What is TRUE The pancreas performs important digestive functions and is left in place
300
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of carbohydrates for adults to consume on a daily basis?
What is 130 grams Restricting diets to less than 130grams of carbohydrates a day are not recommended
300
How many grams of carbohydrates are in a typical regular 12- ounce can of soda?
What is 40 grams! Also, approximately 150 calories in one can- this is the same amount of carbohydrates as 10 teaspoons of sugar!
300
A simple approach to meal planning that uses label information of the nutritional content of packaged food items
What is carbohydrate counting Fat and protein have little effect on after-meal blood glucose levels
300
PHASE 1 OF EXERCISE/ ACTIVITY: During the start of activity and exercise (short bursts of activity), where does the body get energy from?
What is the muscles use their own stored glucose (glycogen) FIRST
300
What type of drugs are given to manage the potential for rejection?
What is anti-rejection therapy to prevent viral, bacterial, and fungal infections-- due to high risk for opportunistic infections. Kidney problems would usually occur before pancreatic problems
400
Which is more important for a nurse to emphasize to a patient when teaching them about carbohydrates: Total amount of carbohydrates consumed each day or the source of the carbohydrates?
What is the total amount of carbohydrates consumed each day Example: - 1/4 cup of maple syrup contains about 50 grams of carbohydrates - 3 slices of bread contains about 50 grams of carbohydrates
400
The body uses protein to build and repair tissues. Muscles, organs, bones, and skin are made from protein. There are very few foods that contain only protein however, so they likely contain carbohydrates and fats as well. What percentage of total daily calories are recommended in diabetics with normal kidney function?
What is 15%-20% In patients with microalbuminuria, (protein in urine), reduce intake to 10%.
400
TRUE OR FALSE: If you take diabetes pills, you will need to eat a consistent amount of carbohydrates at your meals and snacks.
What is TRUE If a diabetic takes rapid-acting insulin before meals, carbohydrate counting allows the person to vary the amount of carbohydrates they consume on a day-to-day or meal-to-meal basis. GENERAL FORMULA: 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin for each 15 grams of carbohydrates consumed
400
PHASE 2 OF EXERCISE/ ACTIVITY: As you continue to exercise, where does the body turn to for energy/ fuel?
What is the liver- glycogen is used as the energy- transported through the bloodstream to the muscles for fuel
400
This procedure involves harvesting beta cells from tissue-typed cadaver pancreas glands and are injected into the recipient's portal vein. The new cells lodge in the liver and begin to function, secreting insulin and maintaining good glucose control.
What is Islet Cell Transplantation Hindered due to the limited supply of beta cells available for transplant and rejection
500
Name as many of the "Top Ten Diabetic Superfoods" you can. They all have a low glycemic index and provide key nutrients that are lacking in the typical western diet (calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, vitamin A, C, and E)
What is: Beans Dark Green Leafy Vegetables Citrus Fruit Sweet Potatoes Berries Tomatoes Fish High in Omega-3 Fatty Acids (SALMON!!) Whole Grains (barley and oatmeal) Nuts (walnuts, flax seeds-- PORTION CONTROL) Fat-Free Milk and Yogurt PORTION CONTROL, PORTION CONTROL, PORTION CONTROL!!
500
Diets high in this improves carbohydrate metabolism and lowers cholesterol levels. It comes from plant foods so there is none of this in animal products like milk/ eggs/ meat/ poultry/ fish.
What is fiber. The ADA recommends 25grams to 30grams of fiver daily. Most Americans do not consume nearly enough fiber in their diet Because fiver is not digested like other carbohydrates, if a serving of food contains more than or equal to 5 grams of dietary fiber, you can subtract half the grams of dietary fiber from the total carbohydrate serving of that food- BONUS!!!
500
What is a good way to curb a diabetic's craving for something sweet?
What is use artificial sweeteners! FDA approved: saccharin (Sweet n Low), aspartame (Equal), sucralose (Splenda), acesulfame (Sweet One), neotame 100 times more intense than regular sugar All of these sweeteners, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF ASPARTAME (EQUAL), cannot be broken down by the body and pass through our systems without being digested-- NO CALORIES!
500
PHASE 3 OF EXERCISE/ ACTIVITY: After 15 to 20 minutes of exercise after using glycogen stores in the liver, the body turns where for fuel?
What is the body's fat stores. Free fatty acids now are the preferred fuel for energy
500
After an islet cell transplantation, approximately how long goes by before that patient would require supplemental insulin injections again?
What is 1-4 years Islet Cell Transplantation is considered a long-term but temporary intervention Considered experimental
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