The Dzungar Khanate & Military Might
In what year was the Dzungar Khanate founded by the Oirats (Western Mongols / Kalmyks)?
1635
Where did representatives from all three Zhuzes gather in the summer of 1710 to coordinate defense against Dzungar aggression?
The Karakum sands (Karakum Kurultai)
The death of which Qing Emperor of China in 1722 allowed Dzungar ruler Tsewang Rabtan to launch a full-scale invasion of Kazakh lands in 1723?
Kangxi
Who was the prominent Biy of the Senior Zhuz who helped rally the nation during the crisis?
Tole Biy
In which region did the joint 60,000-strong Kazakh-Kyrgyz army win its first major victory over the Dzungars around 1726–1728?
Near the Bulanty River (Kara Syir area in the Turgai steppe)
What type of firearms and heavy weaponry gave the Dzungar army a decisive tactical advantage?
Matchlock firearms (muskets) and artillery (cannons)
Who was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the unified Kazakh militia at the 1710 Karakum Assembly?
Bogenbay Batyr
What are the Kazakh terms for the tragic period of "Barefoot Flight" caused by the 1723 invasion?
Aqtaban Shubyryndi, Alqakol Sulama
Name the two Biys who represented the Middle Zhuz and the Junior Zhuz respectively.
Kazybek Biy (Middle Zhuz) and Aiteke Biy (Junior Zhuz)
What popular name was given to the site of the Battle of Bulanty, meaning "The Place of Kalmyk Slaughter"?
Kalmak kyrylgan
Name the primary cold weapons used by Kazakh warriors during this period.
Bows, sabers, spears, and lances
Near which river did Kazakh and Dzungar troops clash in the spring of 1718?
The Ayaguz River
Which two historic southern Kazakh cities were captured by Dzungars in 1725?
Turkestan and Tashkent
Who was elected supreme military commander of the united Kazakh forces at the Ordabasy Assembly in 1726?
Khan Abulkhair
In which year did the decisive Battle of Anrakai take place south of Lake Balkhash?
Spring 1730
What was the main strategic goal of the Dzungar Khanate regarding the Kazakh lands?
Full subjugation of the Kazakh steppes
What was the main reason for the Kazakh defeat at the Battle of Ayaguz in 1718?
Lack of tactical coordination
What is the name of the famous lament song written by Kozhabergen-zhyrau that became a national symbol of grief?
Elim-ai
Name at least four notable Batyrs (militia commanders) listed in the presentation.
Kabanbay, Bogenbay, Zhanibek, Nauryzbay, Eset, Raiymbek, Malaisary, or Bayan (any 4)
What does the word "Anrakai" translate to in context of the battlefield's name?
"Place of enemy groans and wailing"
What was the geographical reach of the Dzungar Khanate in the early 18th century?
Dzungaria, Tarbagatai, and Zhetysu (Semirechye)
What key internal vulnerability left the Kazakh Khanate prone to initial Dzungar military dominance?
Internal political fragmentation and inter-tribal rivalry among Zhuzes
According to Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly, what proportion of the Kazakh population was lost during the "Years of Great Disaster"?
Two-thirds of the population
What were two major socioeconomic consequences of the initial Dzungar conquest on Kazakh society?
Widespread famine, severe zhut (livestock loss), destruction of trade routes, loss of fertile pastures in Zhetysu/Southern Kazakhstan, or land conflicts during westward displacement (any 2)
Why was the complete liberation of Kazakh lands halted immediately following the triumph at Anrakai?
Khan Bolat died suddenly, sparking a succession rivalry among Abulkhair, Semeke, and Barak that caused commanders to withdraw their troops