Lesson 1
What is secular?
Non-religious
What were the original Germanic tribes that settled England called?
The Anglo-Saxons
What were the crusades?
A series of religious wars fought by the European Christians to regain the holy land.
What is region where Spain and Portugal are?
Iberian Peninsula
What do you call an extreme food shortage?
Famine
According to Pope Gregory VII, who should choose new bishops?
The Pope or the Church
What was the document called that gave citizens rights?
Magna Carta
What is having a belief that violates the Church's teachings?
Heresy
European Christians called Muslims in Spain what?
Moors
Which two nations fought the Hundred Years' War?
England and France
Who united the Holy Roman Empire?
German Emperors
What year did William of Normandy invade England?
1066
Why was the first crusade succesful?
The Christians took their enemies by surprise and their enemies were divided.
In the 1200s, what Spanish-Muslim kingdom remained?
Granada
What fraction of the European population died from the plague?
One third
Otto the great claimed to be the succesor of who?
Charlemagne
What does habeas corpus mean in Latin?
"You shall have the body"
What was the fourth crusade disaster?
The ransacking of Constantinople
When and why did the Muslim rule of Spain decline?
1002 with a civil war
Who was the heroine who helped lead France to victory?
Joan of Arc
Who became Pope Gregory VII in 1073?
Hildebrand, an Italian monk.
What does Magna Carta mean in Latin?
"Great Charter"
In what year did Pope Urban II call for a crusade?
1095
How many people did Spain lose as a result of the Reconquista?
160,000 or more
What deadly weapon did the English use in the earlier battles?
Longbow