LCP & pH
What happens to ocean pH when more carbon dioxide dissolves in water?
The pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.
In the reaction: HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
Identify the Bronsted-Lowry Acid.
HCl.
What is molarity?
Moles of solute divided by liters of solution.
What is the molar mass of H₂O?
18 g/mol.
What is the strongest intermolecular force?
Hydrogen bonding.
Why is ocean acidification harmful to shell-forming organisms?
Because it makes it harder to form calcium carbonate shells.
Name one characteristic of acids.
They have a pH lower than 7.
Convert 2 moles of H₂O into grams.
36 grams.
Work: 2 mol H₂O × (18 g / 1 mol) = 36 g
What type of reaction is this? 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Synthesis.
What molecules can form hydrogen bonds?
Molecules with H bonded to N, O, or F.
In the equilibrium: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
What happens if the concentration of H₂ increases?
The reaction shifts to the right to produce more NH₃.
Name one characteristic of bases.
They have a pH higher than 7.
Convert 44 g of CO₂ into moles.
1 mole.
Work: 44 g CO₂ × (1 mol / 44 g) = 1 mol
What type of reaction is this? AB → A + B
Decomposition.
Name the compound NaCl.
Sodium chloride.
In the reaction: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
What happens if pressure increases?
The reaction shifts toward the side with fewer moles of gas, to the right.
What is chemical equilibrium?
It is when the forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate.
In the equation: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
What is the mole ratio between H₂ and H₂O?
1:1.
Predict the products: Zn + CuSO₄ → ?
ZnSO₄ + Cu.
Write the chemical formula for magnesium oxide.
MgO.
In an endothermic reaction, what happens if temperature increases?
The reaction shifts toward the products.
If [H⁺] = 1 × 10⁻⁹, is the solution acidic, neutral, or basic?
basic.
What is the reactant called that gets used up first in a chemical reaction?
Limiting reactant.
Balance the equation: ___H₂ + ___O₂ → ___H₂O
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.
Write the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate.
Al₂(SO₄)₃.