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What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the pupils of the eye, also known as the interorbital line (IOL)?
Interpupillary line (IPL)
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the glabella and the EAM?
Glabellomeatal line (GML)
What type of Skull morphology is described as, long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex to base. the petrous pyramids form a narrow angle of 40 degrees?
Dolichocephalic
The AP Axial (Townes) projection of the skull BEST DEMONSTRATES _______?
the occipital bone
For a PA Axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull, the MSP is positioned ________ to the IR, and the OML is positioned _______ to the IR?
1. MSP perpendicular to IR
2. OML perpendicular to IR.
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the mid-lateral orbital margin and the external acoustic meatus (EAM)?
orbitomeatal line (OML)
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the junction of the lips and the EAM?
Lips-meatal line (LML)
Why is it preferred that Skull/facial/ and paranasal sinus radiography be performed in the upright position?
to demonstrate air/fluid levels
proper positioning and CR angulation for an AP Axial (Townes) projection of the skull, is determined by _______?
1. symmetry of the skull
2. dorsum sallae and posterior clinoid process projected within the foramen magnum
CR directed 15 degrees caudad to the MSP, exiting the nasion.
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the inferior orbital margin and the EAM?
infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the mental point and the EAM?
mentomeatal line (MML)
the AP Axial projection of the skull, is also known as the ________?
Townes
For a Lateral Projection of the Skull, The MSP is positioned ________ to the IR, and the IPL is positioned ______ to the IR?
1. MSP positioned parallel to the IR.
2. IPL positioned perpendicular to the IR.
Proper positioning for a PA Axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is determined by _________?
1. symmetry of the skull
2. petrous ridges projected in lower third of the orbits. (15-degree caudal angle throws ridges into lower third)
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the superior orbital margin and the EAM?
supraorbitomeatal line (SOML)
What type of Skull morphology is described as typical, and has petrous pyramids that project anteriorly and medially at an angle of 47 degrees from the MSP?
Mesocephalic.
In the AP Axial (Townes), the MSP and OML are positioned ________ to the IR?
Perpendicular
what is the CR location for a Lateral Skull projection?
CR perpendicular, entering 2 inches (5 cm) superior to the EAM
For a PA projection of the skull, the MSP is positioned ______ to the IR, and the OML is positioned ________ to the IR?
1. MSP perpendicular to IR
2. OML perpendicular to IR
What positioning line of the skull, is a line connecting the acanthion and the EAM?
Acanthiomeatal line (AML)
What type of Skull morphology is described as, short from front to back, broad from side to side, and shallow from vertex to base. Petrous pyramids lie at an average angle of 54 degrees
Brachycephalic
CR location for the AP Axial (Townes) projection of the skull?
1. angled 30 degrees caudad through the foramen magnum to the OML.
2. CR angled 37 degrees caudad if using IOML.
3. CR enters 2-3 inches (5-8 cm) superior to the superciliary ridge. (2-1/2 or 6.3 cm inches above glabella, passes through EAM)
The PA Axial projection of the skull is also known as the _______?
Caldwell
What is the CR location for the PA projection of the skull?
CR directed perpendicular to the and exiting the nasion. (could possibly say glabella)