Temperature Scales
Have scientists ever reached "absolute zero?"
(Should've paid attention in class)
No, but some scientists made it close to it.
Who invented the first thermometer?
Galileo
What is radiation?
Radiation is the transfer of energy without any movement of matter.
Coal is burned in generating stations. What percentage that that cover of the province's electrical energy?
It covers 80% of the province's electrical energy.
In expansion and contraction, what is the volume change between them?
Expansion: increase in volume
Contraction: decrease in volume
What is the freezing point of a liquid and the boiling point of a liquid?
Freezing point:0 degrees
Boiling point:100 degrees
What was the first thermometer made of? How did it work?
It had two bulbs connected by a tube. As the air temperature cooled or warmed, a bubble of liquid moved up or down in the tube.
What are the three ways to transfer thermal energy?
-Radiation
-Conduction
-Convection
Liquids that evaporate easily at low temperatures.
When a solid goes to a liquid, what change of state is that?
Melting(fusion)
What did early thermometers not have?
They did not have scales.
How does a mercury thermometer work?
Mercury inside the tube expands and contracts with temperature change
What are the five features of the energy transfer system?
-Energy source
-Direction of Energy Transfer
-Transformations
-Waste Heat
-Control Systems
Where are the two places that the province's electrical energy goes to the most?
That energy is used in homes and in industries that provide employment.
When a liquid goes to a solid, what change of state is that? (scientific word only)
Solidification
What is the Kelvin scale and who invented it? What title was he given?
A temperature scale that started at the coldest possible temperature, or “absolute zero.” William Thomson invented it and was given the title Lord Kelvin
What is the difference between a recording thermometer and an thermocouple?
Recording thermometer: It has a pen attached to a bimetallic strip. When the strip begins to coil, it makes a line on a piece of paper.
Thermocouple: Has wires made from two different metals that are twisted together. When the wire tips are heated, it sends an electrical current,which can turn a switch on and off.
What are the 3 characteristics from the different forms of radiant energy?
-They behave like waves
-They can be absorbed and reflected by objects
-They travel across empty space at the same very high speed: 300 000 km/s
Where is sulfur dioxide most irritating and which people suffer the most from this pollutant?
Sulfur dioxide is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. People with asthma suffer greatly from this pollutant.
Evaporative cooling is common and can be very useful. What is one example of this? Answers may vary.
-Joggers feel cold as their clothes dry out after getting soaked in a rainstorm.
-A home-owner sprays the roof of a house with water to cool the house on a hot summer day.
-A first-aid worker puts a wet cloth on the forehead of a person with a high fever.
Who invented the Celsius scale and how did he do it?
Anders Celsius invented the scale. He used the “degree” as the unit of temperature. He based his standards for comparison on the properties of water, the most abundant liquid on Earth. Celsius assigned zero degrees to the temperature at which ice melts at sea level. He assigned a value of one hundred degrees to the temperature at which liquid water boils at sea level. Then he separated the region between these temperatures into 100 evenly spaced units or degrees. (The degrees below zero and above 100 are also evenly spaced.)
What is the bimetallic strip made of and how does it work? Give one example in what it is used in.
A bimetallic strip has two pieces of metal joined together. When the metals are heated, one expands more than the other, which causes the strip to curl to one side. Movements of the strip can operate electrical switches. It can be used in furnaces,ex.
In order, name the different EMR (electromagnetic radiation) waves.
1. Radio waves 2. Microwaves 3.Infrared radiation 4.Visible light 5.Ultraviolet 6. X-ray 7.Gamma rays
What is carbon monoxide and where is the best place to put carbon monoxide sensors?
Carbon monoxide: when a fire burns without enough oxygen
It is best to put it on every floor of the house or near the garage.
What is hidden heat/latent heat?
During a phase change, the total energy of a substance increases or decreases. This occurs because the particles no longer increase or decrease their speed; the arrangement of the particles changes. The average energy of the particles, however, does not change. Therefore, the temperature of the substance stays constant. The energy change is hidden from thermometers.