Babylonian ruler who issued a collection of laws in the 18th century B.C.E. that has the distinction of being the world’s oldest surviving law code.
Who is Hammurabi?
100
Known as the “Father of History” for his history of the Persian Wars.
Who is Herodotus?
100
Powerful New Kingdom pharaoh who co-ruled with Thutmose III for 20 years and portrayed herself in statue form as a male with a beard.
Who is Hatshepsut?
100
Rose to power in 48 B.C.E. and declared himself dictator for life in 44 B.C.E., but was assassinated by conspiring Senators on the Ides of March of that same year.
Who is Julius Caesar?
100
Christian religious leader who emphasized the universality of his faith and provided precise doctrinal teaching and an efficient structural organization.
Who is Paul of Tarsus?
200
Religious revolutionary who tried to limit the power of the priests of Amon at Thebes.
Who is Akhenaten?
200
Athenian aristocrat who was elected archon in 594 B.C.E. and enacted a series of political and economic reforms that became the foundation of Athenian democracy.
Who is Solon?
200
Author of highly personal erotic poetry in the Greek Archaic period.
Who is Sappho?
200
The greatest Roman Stoic believed that virtue leads to happiness, and peace of mind is the highest goal.
Who is Cicero?
200
The traditional missionary to the Celts who converted Ireland to Christianity one tribe at a time in the fifth century C.E.
Who is Saint Patrick?
300
Ruler who subdued Sumer, unified the Mesopotamian city-states, and influenced trade from Ethiopia to the Indus Valley.
Who is Sargon of Akkad?
300
Athenian playwright who set most of his tragedies in the mythical past, like Agamemnon in the "Oresteia," to make a contemporary point about the rational application of law in fifth-century Athens.
Who is Aeschylus?
300
Astute and determined Roman empress who helped her husband reassert Roman control over Italy and parts of North Africa.
Who is Theodora?
300
Elected to the consulship for the first time in 107 B.C.E., he expanded the potential pool of soldiers by abolishing the property-owning requirement.
Who is Marius?
300
This Christian religious leader emphasized the theological concepts of human sinfulness and God’s omnipotence (all-powerfulness).
Who is Augustine of Hippo?
400
The “wild-man” friend of Gilgamesh who was killed by the goddess Inanna for mocking her.
Who is Enkidu?
400
Athenian political reformer who set his city on a democratic path by strengthening the power of the Assembly and instituting the tyranny preventative of ostracism.
Who is Cleisthenes?
400
A virtuous Roman wife who committed suicide rather than live with the dishonor of being raped by an Etruscan prince.
Who is Lucretia?
400
Part of the first triumvirate who challenged Julius Caesar for sole power in Rome but lost his life when he fled to Alexandria.
Who is Pompey?
400
Alexandrian bishop who supported the idea, later determined to be heretical, that Jesus was part of God’s creation, shared the divine essence, but was not coeternal with God.
Who is Arius?
500
The Egyptian king who united upper and lower Egypt into a single kingdom around 3100 B.C.E.
Who is Menes?
500
Hellenistic geographer who accurately calculated the earth’s circumference to within 200 miles.
Who is Eratosthenes?
500
One of the most influential women in Greek history, she bore Pericles’ son who later became an Athenian citizen despite a law against the children of foreigners becoming citizens.
Who is Aspasia?
500
A Roman tribune elected in 133 B.C.E. who pressured the Roman Senate to limit land holdings to 300 acres per citizen but was murdered for his trouble.
Who is Tiberius Gracchus?
500
One of the missionary team that started the conversion of the Slavs to Orthodox Christianity in the ninth century and lent his name to the lettering style he invented for the local languages.