Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 786 to 809 whose life is celebrated in "Arabian Nights."
Who is Harun al-Rashid?
100
French peasant girl who inspired her troops to lift the English siege of Orléans.
Who is Joan of Arc?
100
Crowned emperor of the Romans by the pope on Christmas Day 800.
Who is Charlemagne?
100
One of the most powerful popes in medieval he called for a crusade against the Cathars in southern France in the early thirteenth century.
Who is Innocent III?
100
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and established the colonial empire known as New Spain.
Who is Hernando Cortés?
200
Muhammad’s father-in-law and first caliph, or deputy, of the Muslim community in the aftermath of the Prophet’s death.
Who is Abu-Bakr?
200
Wife of Henry II of England who was fiercely independent and a patron of troubadour poets in eleventh-century France.
Who is Eleanor of Aquitaine?
200
Portuguese royal who directed trading and fort-building trips to Africa and colonizing efforts on the Madeira, Canaries, and Azores of the Atlantic in the mid-15th century.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
200
Late-medieval English theologian who inspired the travelling preachers known as Lollards.
Who is John Wyclif?
200
Leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe but his voyage ended at the hands of hostile natives in the Philippines.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
300
Arabic physician, philologist, philosopher, poet, and scientist who codified Greco-Arabic medical knowledge in "al-Qanun."
Who is ibn-Sina (Avicenna)?
300
Catholic mystic who helped reaffirm the role of women in the Reformed Catholic Church.
Who is Teresa of Avila?
300
French Huguenot who gave up his Protestant beliefs in order to become the king of France saying that “Paris is worth a mass.”
Who is Henry IV?
300
Author of the letter, "Unam Sanctum," who insisted that all Christians, including kings, were subject to the pope.
Who is Boniface VIII?
300
Portuguese explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope and established a European presence on the subcontinent of India.
Who is Vasco de Gama?
400
Egyptian sultan who recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187.
Who is Salah ad-Din (Saladin)?
400
The medieval author of, "The City of Women," an allegory defending women against the misogynistic claims of men.
What is Christine de Pizan?
400
King of the West Saxons who defeated the Vikings in 787 and slowly built a system of royal rule throughout England.
Who is Alfred?
400
Dutch religious reformer who focused on pacifism and a simple “religion of the heart” faced severe persecution from Catholics and Protestants alike.
Who is Menno Simons?
400
Italian explorer and geographer who widely publicized that fact that Europeans had stumbled onto a “New World” in the Western Hemisphere.
Who is Amerigo Vespucci?
500
Córdoba scholar whose insightful comments on Aristotle’s works informed much of medieval Christian scholasticism.
Who is Averroës?
500
Medieval German nun who was the first known female playwright.
Who is Hroswita of Gandersheim?
500
He inflicted a crushing defeat on the Magyars at Lechfeld in 955.
Who is Otto I?
500
A Roman soldier martyred for refusing to give up his faith, he became the patron of the Holy Roman Empire and protector of the German imperial army in its wars against the pagan Slavs.
Who is Saint Maurice?
500
Explore of Panama and first European to view the Pacific Ocean in 1513.