Constructivist Theories
This psychologist proposed the four stages of cognitive development.
Who is Jean Piaget?
Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with help.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
This approach involves students actively participating in discussions, problem-solving, and hands-on activities.
What is Active Learning?
This theory emphasizes that knowledge is built through interaction with others.
What is Social Constructivism?
Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development, where children struggle to see things from others' perspectives.
What is the Preoperational Stage?
This psychologist emphasized the role of social interaction in learning and introduced the Zone of Proximal Development.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
This term refers to the support provided by a teacher to help students reach their learning potential.
What is Scaffolding?
Bruner’s idea that revisiting topics at deeper levels over time helps solidify learning.
What is the Spiral Curriculum?
This term refers to students working together to solve problems and learn from each other.
What is Collaborative Learning?
Piaget’s concept where young children believe everyone sees the world the same way they do.
What is Egocentrism?
This theorist introduced the idea of the "spiral curriculum," where students revisit key concepts at deeper levels.
Who is Jerome Bruner?
Piaget believed learning happens when new information fits into our existing knowledge framework, which is called a __?
What is Schema?
A learning method where students gain knowledge by solving real-world problems.
What is Problem-Based Learning?
According to Vygotsky, thought develops as a result of __?
What is Conversation (or Speech)?
Vygotsky’s belief that children can learn skills that go beyond their natural maturity.
What is Learning Precedes Development?
Vygotsky believed that this "more experienced person or tool" helps learners progress within the ZPD.
What is the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)?
The process of adjusting existing knowledge to accommodate new information.
What is Accommodation?
Vygotsky believed learning is most effective when students are given temporary support. This is called __?
What is Scaffolding?
The idea that cognition, behavior, and environment all influence each other is called __?
What is Reciprocal Determinism?
Bruner’s belief that students learn best when they discover knowledge for themselves.
What is Discovery Learning?
Bruner's approach encourages students to learn through exploration rather than passive memorization.
What is Discovery Learning?
This process helps learners balance what they already know with new knowledge, ensuring cognitive stability.
What is Equilibration?
A teaching approach where students learn skills from experts in real-world settings, like apprenticeships.
What is Cognitive Apprenticeship?
Vygotsky’s concept where external speech gradually becomes internal thought.
What is Internalization?
Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development, where children understand conservation and logical reasoning.
What is the Concrete Operational Stage?