Sizable Muslim-ruled fifteenth-century West African empire whose monarch Sonni Ali observed Ramadan but also had the reputation of being a magician.
What is the Songhay Empire?
100
Chinese wood-block and movable type technology that allowed for the availability of relatively cheap books by 1000 C.E.
What is printing?
100
Muhammad and his followers’ flight from Mecca to Yathrib, later called Medina, in 622.
What is hijra?
100
Agreement whereby the Five Nations of the Iroquois settled their differences peacefully through a confederation council of clan elders.
What is the Great Law of Peace?
100
Chinese religious center built in the early fifteenth century set in 650 forested acres thought to be the meeting place between the earthly and the divine.
What is the Temple of Heaven?
200
East African traders who lived in coastal cities engaging in trade with Arab merchants who plied the Indian Ocean “sea road.”
What is the Swahili Civilization?
200
Chinese navigation improvement from the ninth to eleventh century that allowed sailors to be fairly certain of direction in which they were sailing.
What is the magnetic compass?
200
The just and moral society of Islam made up of the community of all believers.
What is umma?
200
Blood-thirsty Aztec patron deity.
Who is Huitzilopochtli?
200
Paintings of saints and biblical scenes, usually on small wooden panels, used as aids to worship in Orthodox Christianity.
What are icons?
300
Christian tradition in East Africa that traces its roots to the Queen of Sheba’s visit to King Solomon in the tenth-century B.C.E.
What is Ethiopian Christianity?
300
Early fourteenth-century adaptation of the Chinese invention of gunpowder that allowed Europeans to dominate interactions with other civilizations for centuries.
What are cannons?
300
A legal concept that grew over the years following Muhammad’s death that brought together both Islamic religious and civil law, regulating every aspect of life.
What is sharia?
300
Incan knotted cord that served as an accounting device.
What is a quipus?
300
Vast Hindu temple complex constructed by the Khmer kingdom in the early twelfth-century that was later used by Buddhist monks.
What is Angkor Wat?
400
West African agricultural village people east of the Niger River who resisted the state-forming tendency of their neighbors.
Who are the Igbo?
400
Indian Ocean sailing vessels with improved sails, sternpost rudders, and keels for greater stability.
What are junks?
400
Traditions about the sayings or actions of Muhammad which became an important source of Islamic law.
What are hadiths?
400
Mexica professional merchants.
What are pochteca?
400
Fifteenth-century Korean phonetic alphabet that allowed for more cultural independence from China.
What is hangul?
500
Egyptian Christians who held their own for several hundred years following Muslim conquest, but largely converted to Islam in the mid-fourteenth century.
Who are Coptic Christians?
500
A potent and flammable combination of oil, sulfur, and lime launched from bronze tubes that allowed the Byzantines to keep the Arab navies at bay for centuries.
What is Greek fire?
500
Special tax that non-Muslims could pay the Muslim authorities in order to freely practice their own religion.
What is jizya?
500
Labor service required of conquered peoples by the Incas.
What is mita?
500
Turkic supreme ruler who was supported by a faithful corps of soldiers called “wolves.”